中国作物分子设计育种-王建康

作物学报ACTAAGRONOMICASINICA2011,37(2):191201:[e-mail](863)(2006AA10Z1B1)*(Correspondingauthor):,E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]:E-mail:[e-mail],Tel:[phone]Received():2010-11-19;Accepted(:2010-12-16.DOI:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2011.00191中国作物分子设计育种王建康李慧慧张学才尹长斌黎裕马有志李新海邱丽娟万建民*/,100081:,,,,“”“”3:(1),(),;(2),(),,,,;(3),(),,,:;;;;MolecularDesignBreedinginCropsinChinaWANGJian-Kang,LIHui-Hui,ZHANGXue-Cai,YINChang-Bin,LIYu,MAYou-Zhi,LIXin-Hai,QIULi-Juan,andWANJian-Min*InstituteofCropSciences/NationalKeyFacilityforCropGeneResourcesandGeneticImprovement,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,ChinaAbstract:Moleculardesignbreedingisahighlyintegratedsystembuiltonmultiplescientificdisciplinesandtechnologicalareas.Itallowsthesimulationandoptimizationofthebreedingprocedurebeforebreeders’fieldexperiments.Thusthebesttargetgeno-typestomeetvariousbreedingobjectivesinvariousecologicalregions,andthemostefficientandeffectivecrossingandselectionstrategiesapproachingthebesttargetgenotypescanbeidentified.Thedesignbreedinggreatlyincreasesthepredictabilityincon-ventionalbreeding,leadingtotheevolutionfrom“phenotypicbreedingbyexperience”to“genotypicbreedingbyprediction”andanincreasedbreedingefficiencyandeffectiveness.Threemajorstepsareinvolvedindesignbreeding.Thefirststepistoidentifygenesaffectingbreedingtraitsandtostudygeneandgeneinteractions,i.e.,toseekfortheoriginalmaterialsforproducingthecropcultivars,whichincludesestablishmentofgeneticpopulations,screeningofpolymorphismmarkers,constructionoflinkagemaps,phenotypicevaluationandgeneticanalysisetc.Thesecondstepistodeterminethetargetgenotypesforvariousbreedingobjectivesinvariousecologicalregions,i.e.,prototypeofthefinalcultivarproduct,whichincludesthegenotype-to-phenotypepredictionbasedonidentifiedandknowngeneinformation,i.e.,locationsofgenesonchromosomes,biochemicalpathwaysandexpressionnetworksfromgenestotraits,theirgeneticeffectsonbreedingtraits,andtheinteractionsbetweengenes.Thethirdstepistoidentifythemostefficientbreedingstrategiesleadingtothetargetgenotypesdeterminedinthesecondstep,i.e.,adetailedbluecharttoproducethedesignedcropcultivars.SignificantprogresseshavebeenmadeincropmoleculardesignbreedinginChinainrecentyears.Thispaperfirstsummarizedmajorprogressesmadeinthedevelopmentofnovelgeneticmaterials,genetic19237studyofimportantbreedingtraits,developmentandapplicationofbreedingsimulationtools,applicationofdesignbreeding,andtheplatformresearchanddevelopmentinmoleculardesignbreedingincropsinChina.AperspectiveviewofmoleculardesignbreedingwasgivenforthenearfutureafterreviewingthecurrentresearchbothinChinaandworldwide.Finally,majorresearchareasrelevanttomoleculardesignbreedinginChinawereproposed,amongwhicharepredictionmethodsandtoolsofgeneticsandbreeding,geneticmatingdesignsandanalysis,geneandenvironmentinteractions,functionalgenomicsofcrops,methodsandtoolsofbioinformatics,technicalsystemsanddecision-supportedtools.Professionaldevelopmentandeducation,andteambuild-ingareessentialaswelltoChina’sleadingroleincropmoleculardesignbreedingintheworld.Keywords:Crop;Moleculardesignbreeding;Breedingsimulation;Targetgenotype;Breedingstrategy,[1-5],,PelemanvanderVoort[6],[7]Wang[8],(1),,;(2);(3),[9-11](1),,,,,,,,,“”“”[6-7],,1中国作物分子设计育种进展1.1[12-17],,QTL[11]2005120107470(2),图1作物分子设计育种流程图Fig.1Flowchartofthemoleculardesignbreedingincrops2:193图2《作物学报》2005年1月至2010年7月间发表的470篇遗传研究文章的分类Fig.2Summaryofthe470researcharticlesoncropgeneticspublishedinActaAgronomicaSinicafromJanuary2005toJuly2010A:;B:;C:A:Percentagesbasedoncrops;B:Percentagesbasedongeneticstudypopulations;C:Percentagesbasedongeneticanalysismethods.,28%20%10%11%6%6%,19%;,()35%(F2F3)38%7%(NCINCIINCIII)8%,12%;,()29%QTL33%4%17%,17%,,DNAQTL[12,17-18],(2-C)QTLF2(2-B),,QTL,QTL,QTL[13,19],[19-21],[24-26],,[18,21][21-23],,,,,[27],QTL,[28],1.2[4,29],QuLine,QuLine[5,30];9,(),,QuLine[5,31][30][4,29,32][33-34]QuLine,QuHybridQuMARS,QuHybrid,QuMARS,,,,,19437,,[4-5]2,,55.83%,56.02%,,F11000,F130%,10,258,118,148,30%,,,,F1F8,40%,2/3,,,[5,29],,,,,,,[32],:3,,2;3,,1;3,2,32,,,,,2,,[32]1.3[7]Wang[13]AsominoriIR2465(CSSL)QTL,QTL,;,2008(×8.5mm×3.2mm),[9],,,Wang[8]CSSL8QTL,2.0LOD,16,15,,9,;,2009(10%)(15%~20%)Zhang[35],,,,“”,,,,“”Wang[33]9,9Rht-B1bRht-D1b,“”,2,;Rht82:195;Sr2;Cre1VPM;Glu-B1iGlu-A3b;tinGlu-A3tin1A,3.8cM3,,()()(),,,,1:F1,Rht-B1Glu-B1,Rht8Cre1tin();2:F2,Rht8,;3:,,6001,,35001,,Wang[34],Wei[36],109,AsominoriIR24236845QTL,:Se-1nSe-1e,,,,,Chen[37],422S88,RM276RM455RM141RM185422SS5S8S7S9,509S509S92%,,,[7-9],(1);,QTL,,,,(1);,,,,(1)2分子设计育种发展趋势2.1,(3),,;(×),(),,,QTL,;,(3),,,,3,,319637NAM[38-39]MAGIC[40],[38],图3遗传研究群体和育种群体之间的关系Fig.3Relationshipbetweengeneticandbreedingpopulations,NAM(NestedAssociationMapping)Cornell,25B73,5000;IBMB73Mo17,F24;MAGIC(MultiparentAdvancedGenerationInter-Crossing)8Thegeneticandbreedingvaluesofcommongeneticandbreedingpopulationswereroughlyshowninthisfigure.NAM(NestedAssociationMapping)wasproposedinCornellUniversity,where25maizeinbredlinesw