表语从句与同位语从句 及真题巩固练习

表语从句与同位语从句•作表语的从句即为表语从句•句型为系动词+连词或关系代词+从句•一.thatthetruthisthathedoesn'treallytry.theproblemisthatihavelostmyjob.表语从句中的that一般不省略，口语及非正式问题中有时也省略。二。whetherthequestioniswhetherthequetionisworthseeing.表语从句中不用if，但可以用asif三。连接代词引导（who、whom、which）•youarenotwhoithoughtyouwere•thequestioniswhomweshouldtrust•whatiwantotknowiswhichroadweshouldtake.•四.连接副词引导（how、where、why、when）theproblemishowwecanfindhimthatwaswheniwas15that'swhereifirstmetherthat'swhyiobjecttothisplanthat'swhereyouareworng五.关系代词whatthat'swhatiwanttosay.fameandpersonalgainiswhattheyareafterheisnolongerwhathewas•六。asif/asthough•itisn'tasifyouweregoingawayforever•itwasasthoughshehadknownlucyforyears•it'snotasthoughwewerepoor.•七.because•it'sbecauseiloveyoutoomuch•because引导表语从句，但since，as，for•等不用于引导表语从句同位语从句•在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般用that,whether，what,which,who,when,where,why,how等词引导，常放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,wish,promise,answer,evidence,report,explanation,suggestion,conclusion等抽象名词后面•1.如同位语从句意义完整，应用that引导同位语从句。（即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，不可省略）•Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.•2.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。（if不能引导同位语从句）•We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheldontime••3.如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用when,where,how等词引导同位语从句。•Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback•Ihavenoimpressionhowhewenthome,perhapsbybike•4.当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。•Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity把握同位语从句和定语从句的区别，明确同位语从句和相似从句的界限•同位语从句和定语从句相似，都放在某一名词或代词后面，但同位语从句不同于定语从句。同位语从句对名词加以补充说明，是名词全部内容的体现，且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分；定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征，与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系，且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。•1）Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.•A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as析：答案为B。moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities是Information的全部内容，且Information不在从句中作成分，所以该句为同位语从句。•应将该句区别于：•2）Itissaidthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities，thisistheinformation____hasbeenputforward.•A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as•析：答案为B。thathasbeenputforward为information的修饰性定语，且information在从句中作主语，为先行词，所以该句为定语从句。•有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:•Thatquestionwhetherweneedithasnotbeenconsidered.我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)•Ihavenoideawhathashappenedtohim.我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)判断题•Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.•(同位语从句)•Wearenotlookingintothequestionwhetherheisworthtrusting.•(同位语从句)•Wordcamethathehadbeenabroad.•(同位语从句)•Ourteamhaswonthegame,whichmadeusveryhappy.•我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)•Thedoctorwhomyouarelookingforisintheroom.•你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)•Hismotherdidallshecouldtohelphimwithhisstudy.•他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)•引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),•并且作宾语时常常省略•that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,•并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替•Theorderthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroupswasreceivedyesterday.•我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了•(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略)•Theorderthatwereceivedyesterdaywasthatweshouldsendafewpeopletohelptheothergroups.•我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组•(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略)复习巩固性练习make•1.Bismadeof/fromA“B由A制成”•看出原材料用of,thetableismadeofwood.•看不出原材料用from,thepaperismadefromwood.•thebottleismake()glass•2.makeAoutofB“用B制成A”•wemakethebottleoutoftheglass•3.makeBintoA“用B制成A”•wemaketheglassintothebottle•4.makeupfor补偿•Nothingcanmakeupforwhattheyhavesuffered.•什么也不能补偿他们所受的痛苦。••makeup编造，捏造；化妆•...•5。makeupof由...组成/构成•Thegroupismadeoffivestudents.•Thecompanyismadeupoftendepartments.•let'smakeupatrainofcars•让我们把各节车厢组成一列火车吧。\•6。makeout理解，弄懂、难以看见，辩认,做出•Wecan'tmakeoutwhatheissaying.•我们不懂他在说什么。•hecouldhardlymakeoutanythinginthethickfog.•在浓雾中他几乎什么也看不见。•hemadeoutashoppinglist.关于reasonhisisthereason()heisnothere这就是他为什么不在这里的理由。whythisisthereason()heisnothere这就是原因，他不在这里啊。thatthereason()heishereisunkown没有人知道他为什么在这里whythisisthereason()hegaveus这是他给我们的理由thathecannotanswerthephone.Thereasonis()heisnothere原因是他不在这里thatthat's（）iobjecttothisplan这就是我为什么反对这个计划why真题再现•thereason()iwenttotakethatclassis()theprofessorissupposedtobeverygood.•a.why,forb,whysocwhythat,•d。that,because.prefer•真题再现ipreferwatchingTV()filmsatoseebmorethanseec.toseeing.d.ratherthansee个人观点：讲义中强调，prefertodothando;个人觉得prefertodoratherthando也是对的iprefertotypethanwriteit根据讲义的选择iprefertotypreratherthanwriteit.都觉得可以。从句练习•thisistheplace()shelived•a.whichbthatconwhichd.inwhere•that可以代替关系副词where•因此——在没有where、inwhich选项的情况下可以选择that。theinformation()hehasmarriedmadeherunhappy.a.thatb.whoc.whichdwhyatheinformation()hegotyesterdaymadeherunhappy.a.that/whichbthatcthat/which/*dwhycletmeknow()youcandothisjobontimea.whetherbifa/b宾语从句中若”是否“放中间，两个都可以()hecandothisjobontimeisaquestion.a.”是否“放句首，只有whetherthisisaquestion()heisagoodman.a同位语从句中只用whetherthequestionis()heisagoodmana表语从句中只能用whetheridon'tknow()heisagoodboyornota和ornot连用一般用whether•itdepends(on)()heagrees•a.whetherbif•a介词后面用whether•whether虽万能，也有例外。•WouldyoumindifIclosedthewindow?我把窗户关上你介意吗?•wouldyoumind句型只用ifthat的省略问题•主语从句，同位语从句与表语从句that不可省略、•定语从句中that（当引导词在从句中作宾语的时候）可以省略•thisisthebag(that)hegavetoyou.•宾语从句中that可以省略•thismanknows(that)sheishisdaughter.真