商务英语翻译课件文件

减词法（Prunning）减词法是指将原文中需要、而译文中又不需要的词语省去。减省的词语应是那些在译文中保留下来反而使行文累赘啰嗦、且不合汉语语言表达习惯的词语。与英语相比较，汉语中代词（尤其是人称代词）和连词（尤其是并列连词“和”）使用的很少，能省略的代词和连接词一般都不在句子里出现。此外冠词、动词不定式符号、部分介词还有系动词都可以省略。WeekFour减词法Shippingdetails,includingwhethertransshipmentsareallowed.Alsorecordedshouldbethelatestdateforshipmentandthenamesoftheportsofshipmentanddischarge.(Itmaybeinthebestinterestoftheexporterforshipmenttobeallowed‘fromanyUKport’sothathehasachoiceif,forexample,someportsareaffectedbystrikes.Thesameappliesfortheportofdischarge.)减词法装船细节：包括是否允许转运以及装船的最后日期和装船、卸货的港口名称。（就出口商而言，若获许可从英国的任何港口装船则最为有利，以便在一些港口受到罢工影响时，出口商有选择的余地。对卸货港口亦然。）译文省略了从汉语角度看属于多余的成分，同时还在句法上采用了并句的翻译方法，其目的是让译文更加凝练。1.Applehasscrappeditslongstandingfree-of-chargereturnpolicyinHongKongandMacao,inasignofthetechgiant'sdeterminationtodeterscalpersfrommakingaquickbuckonitsnewlylaunchedhandsets.苹果取消了香港和澳门地区一直以来实行的免费退货政策，此举显示了苹果公司打击（防止）黄牛靠着新发布的机型谋取暴利的决心。（省略代词）2.Undertheexistinglaw,propertiesthatcanbeentrustedarelimitedtomoney,securities,moneyclaims（货币债权）,andmovableandimmovableassets.依据现行法律，可以信托的财产限于货币、证券、货币债权、动产和不动产。（省略系动词）减词法练习：译文对照1.Itseemsperversethatpoorcountriestodayprefertobuylow-yieldingAmericangovernmentbondswhentheycouldearnhigherreturnsbyinvestingintheirowneconomics.译文一：穷国倾向于购买美国政府发行的低利率国债，这点有悖常理，因为倘若他们将这些盈余投资于本国经济，那么所能赚取的利润会更高。译文二：如今，贫穷的国家在自己投资本国经济时可以获取更高收益的情况下，更愿意购买低收益的美国政府债券，这似乎有悖常理。减词法练习：译文对照2.TheexactreasonforApplesuddenlydisallowingreturnsandexchangesatitsfiveHongKongretaillocations,andwhetheritisatemporarymove,remainsunclearatthistime.译文一：苹果公司突然宣布香港零售地点出售的产品不允许退换，这是否是一种临时的举动，目前仍然不清楚。译文二：苹果公司突然取消香港五家官方零售店所出售商品的退换服务，其确切原因（是否为临时举措）目前仍不得而知。为了避免文章的单调乏味，英文中往往尽量要避免用词重复。除了使用代词外，同一件事物常用拼写不同而意义相近的词来表示。回避重复是英语的一大特色。汉语的重复则不会给人以单调乏味的感觉，相反，如果使用得当，还可以起到反复强调的作用，使语义明确，译文生动。重复是汉语的一个明显特点。重复法（Repetition）1）指代法2）替代法3）换词法4）省略法5）保留介词法6）紧缩法英语回避重复的主要方法Marketingisapervasivesocialactivitythatgoesconsiderablybeyondthesellingoftoothpaste,soapandsteel.指代法Amorerealisticapproachtowardinternationalspecializationisthatofcomparativeadvantage.Thisconceptsaysthatanationhasacomparativeadvantageinanitemifitcanproduceitmoreefficientlythanalternativeproducts.替代法Themonkey’smostextraordinaryfeatwaslearningtooperateatractor.Bytheageofnine,thisremarkableanimalhadlearnedtodrivethevehiclesingle-handed.换词法省略法Ilikestrongtea,butIsupposeweak()isbetterforyou.(回避重复名词)Theyarenotknownfortheirphilanthropicwork.Theyneverhave()andneverwill().(回避重复动词)A:Wouldyouliketogowithme?B:Yes,I’dliketo.(回避重复不定式)Theorangeisripe.Iknow()fromitscolor.(回避重复句子)保留介词法保留介词法就是保留同一个介词以回避名词、动词或者形容词的重复。如：Disciplineisindispensabletovictoryinwar,tosuccessinourwork,andindeed,totherealizationofourgoal.Disciplineisindispensabletovictoryinwar,Disciplineisindispensabletosuccessinourwork,andindeed,Disciplineisindispensabletotherealizationofourgoal.保留介词法Wetalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofeachother---ofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.Wetalkedofourselves,Wetalkedofourprospects,Wetalkedofthejourney,Wetalkedoftheweather,andWetalkedofeachother---talkedofeverythingbutourhostandhostess.紧缩法紧缩法就是将语句中两个或几个相关联的成分合并在一起，以避免一些词语的重复，使文字变得简洁。如：HewasparticularlyinterestedinthearticlesonandbyLuXun.HewasparticularlyinterestedinthearticlesonLuXunandHewasparticularlyinterestedinthearticleswrittenbyLuXun.英汉翻译中的重复翻译法练习1.Weshouldlearnhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblems.2.Thebigcompanyhasitsdisadvantages.3.Managingmultinationalsmeanshandlingbothnationalandorganizationalculturedifferencesatthesametime.重复翻译法练习（一）4.ZhouQunfei,theDirectorofBordoftheLensTechnologyCo.,Ltd.(蓝思科技),becametherichestwomaninChina—allbyherself.5.Lastyear,theoutputofcoalinthisregionamountedtoabout20percentofthewholecountry,ofsteel25percent,andofcotton35percent.6.Infact,theblatantuseofmoneytomotivatepeopleeithertojoinanorganizationortostayonhascreatedmoremotivationproblemsthanithassolved.重复翻译法练习（二）7.Themaindifficultyistheshortageoffunds,teachersandteachingmaterials.8.Wethankyouverymuchforthewarmhospitalityaccordedtoourtradedelegationduringthisvisittoyourcountryandforthecloseco-operationinthebusinessdiscussions.9.Aseachcurrency’svalueisstatedintermsofothercurrencies,FrenchFrancs,then,haveavalueinUSdollars,whichhaveavalueinBritishpounds,whichhaveavalueinJapaneseyen.重复翻译法练习（三）