水利水电工程专业英语教材

范文范例参考完美Word格式整理版高等学校水利类统编教材《水利专业外语》迟道才周振民主编上传人单位：华北水利水电学院水利系范文范例参考完美Word格式整理版目录Lesson1importanceofwater水的重要性...................................3Lesson2theHydrologicCycle水循环......................................5Lesson3hydrology水文学.................................................7Lesson4undergroundwater地下水........................................11Lesson5whatcausesflooding洪水是怎样形成的............................16Lesson6natureofwaterpollution水污染的性质..........................19Lesson7Planningforwaterresourcesdevelopment水资源开发规划..........22Lesson8reservoirs水库.................................................26Lesson9Propertiesofconcrete混凝土的特性..............................30Lesson10basicconceptsofreinforcedconcrete钢筋混凝土基本概念........35Lesson11dams坝........................................................38Lesson12embankmentdams土石坝.........................................42Lesson13concretegravitydamonrockfoundations岩基上的混凝土重力坝..46Lesson14Archdams拱坝.................................................51Lesson15spillways溢洪道................................................56Lesson16designforces设计作用力.......................................61Lesson17Significanceofinfiltrationandprocessofinfiltration入渗重要性及过程.......................................................................65Lesson18evapotranspiration腾发量......................................68Lesson19irrigationmethods灌溉方法....................................71Lesson20irrigationcanals灌溉渠道......................................79Lesson21landdrainage耕地排水.........................................83Lesson22methodsofapplicationsofdripirrigationsystems滴灌系统的应用方法...........................................................................88Lesson23hydraulicturbines水轮机.......................................92Lesson24hydro-electricpower水力发电..................................96Lesson25differentialleveling水准测量（微差水准测量）................102Lesson26constructionandequipment施工和设备..........................107Lesson27engineeringeconomyinwaterresourcesplanning水利规划中工程经济............................................................................110Lesson28soilerosionandsoilconservation土壤侵蚀与土壤保持.........116Lesson29groundwaterandclimatechange地下水与气候变化................120范文范例参考完美Word格式整理版Lesson30irrigationperformanceevaluation灌溉运行评价................124Lesson31bidding,bidopeningandawardofcontract招标、开标和授予合同127Lesson32howtowriteascientificpaper如何撰写科技论文...............131范文范例参考完美Word格式整理版Lesson1importanceofwater水的重要性Waterisbestknownandmostabundantofallchemicalcompoundsoccurringinrelativelypureformontheearth’ssurface.Oxygen,themostabundantchemicalelement,ispresentincombinationwithhydrogentotheextentof89percentinwater.Watercoversaboutthreefourthsoftheearth'ssurfaceandpermeatescracksofmuchsolidland.ThePolarRegions(原文polarregions)areoverlaidwithvastquantitiesofice,andtheatmosphereoftheearthcarrieswatervaporinquantitiesfrom0.1percentto2percentbyweight.Ithasbeenestimatedthattheamountofwaterintheatmosphereaboveasquaremileoflandonamildsummerdayisoftheorderof50,000tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。在水中，氧这种最丰富的化学元素与氢结合，其含量多达89%。水覆盖了地球表面的大约3/4的面积，并充满了陆地上的许多裂缝。地球的两极被大量的冰所覆盖，同时大气也挟带有占其重量0.1%～2%的水蒸气。据估计，在温暖的夏日，每平方英里陆地上空大气中的水量约为5万吨。Alllifeonearthdependsuponwater,theprincipalingredientoflivingcells.Theuseofwaterbyman,plants,andanimalsisuniversal.Withoutittherecanbenolife.Everylivingthingrequireswater.Mancangonearlytwomonthswithoutfood,butcanliveonlythreeorfourdayswithoutwater.地球上所有的生命都有赖于水而存在，水是活细胞的基本组分（要素）。人类、植物和动物都得用水。没有水就没有生命。每一种生物都需要水。人可以接近两个月不吃食物而仍能活着，但不喝水则只能活三四天。Inourhomes,whetherinthecityorinthecountry,waterisessentialforcleanlinessandhealth.TheaverageAmericanfamilyusesfrom65,000to75,000gallonsofwaterperyearforvarioushouseholdpurposes.在我们的家庭中，无论是在城市还是农村，水对于卫生和健康来说都是必不可少的。美国家庭的年平均用水量达6.5～7.5万加仑。Watercanbeconsideredastheprincipalrawmaterialandthelowestcostrawmaterialfromwhichmostofourfarmproducesismade.Itisessentialforthegrowthofcropsandanimalsandisaveryimportantfactorintheproductionofmilkandeggs.Animalsandpoultry,ifconstantlysuppliedwithrunningwater,willproducemoremeat,moremilk,andmoreeggsperpoundoffoodandperhouroflabor.水可以被认为是最基本的和最廉价的原料。我们的农产品，大部分都是由它构成的。水范文范例参考完美Word格式整理版是农作物和动物生长的要素，也是奶类和蛋类生产的一个很重要的因素。动物和家禽，如果用流动的水来喂养，那么每磅饲料和每个劳动小时会生产出更多的肉、奶和蛋。Forexample,applesare87%water.Thetreesonwhichtheygrowmusthavewateredmanytimestheweightofthefruit.Potatoesare75%water.Togrowanacreofpotatoestonsofwaterisrequired.Fishare80%water.Theynotonlyconsumewaterbutalsomusthavelargevolumesofwaterinwhichtolive.Milkis88%water.Toproduceonequartofmilkacowrequiresfrom3.5to5.5quartsofwater.Beefis77%water.Toproduceapoundofbeefananimalmustdrinkmanytimesthatmuchwater.Ifthereisashortageofwater,therewillbeadeclineinfarmproduction,justasashortageofsteelwillcauseadecreaseintheproductionofautomobiles.例如，苹果含87%的水分，苹果树就必须吸收比苹果多许多倍的水分；土豆含75%的水分，那么种植每英亩土豆就需要若干吨水；牛奶含水量为88%，为了生产每夸脱牛奶，母牛需要3.5～5.5夸脱的水；牛肉含77%的水，为生产1磅牛肉牛必须饮用许多磅水。如果缺水，就会使农产品减产，就像缺乏钢会引起汽车产量下降一样。Inadditiontothedirectuseofwaterinourhomesandonthefarm,therearemanyindirectwaysinwhichwateraffectsourlives.