The-Indian-Burying-Ground

TheIndianBuryingGroundAuthorTheIndianBuryingGroundwrittenbyPhilipFreneau,isconsideredasanaturelyric.HewasborninNewYork.At16,heenteredprincetonUniversity.Whilestillanundergraduate,hewroteincollaborationwithoneofhisfriendsapoementitled“TheRisingGloryofAmericanLaterheattendedtheWarofIndependence,andhewascapturedbyBritisharmyin1780.Afterbeingreleased,hepublished“TheBritishPrisonShip”in1871.Inthesameyear,hepublished“TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans”.Afterwar,hesupportedJefferson,andcontributedgreatlytoAmericangovernment.Butafter50yearsold,helivedinpoverty.Andatlasthediedinablizzard.◆PoetofAmericanRevolution◆FatherofAmericanPoetry◆PioneeroftheNewRomanticism◆AgiftandversatilelyricpoetPhilipFreneau（1752——1832）WorksTheRisingGloryofAmerica(1772)蒸蒸日上的美洲TheBritishPrisonShip(1781)英国囚船TheWildHoneysuckle(1786)野生的金银花TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans(1781)纪念美国勇士TheIndianBuryingGround(1788)印第安人墓地TheHouseofNight(1779,1786)夜之屋TheIndianBuryingGroundIntroduction◆In1787,FreneauchancedtopayavisittoanIndiantribeandsawthestrangewayoftheIndiansburyingabody.◆Freneauwasgreatlyshockedanddeeplyimpressedbytheirburyingthedeadinasittingpostureandthatresultedinthispoemofrichimagination.TheIndianBuryingGroundDeathintheIndiantraditionhasadifferentmeaning.Itisnolongerthatsadanddreadfuleventthateveryoneisafraidof.TheNorthAmericanIndiansburytheirdeadinasittingposture;decoratingthecorpsewithwampum,theimagesofbirds,quadrupedsandwithbows,arrowsandothermilitaryweapons.ThedeadIndianisdressedinspecialclothesasthoughcelebratingahappyevent.Thedeadpersonbecomesawarriorwhoprotectstheland.Thisexplainshispostureandthewayheisdressedin.Theconceptionofdeathinthisculturemakesofitadifferentonefromthewhiteman’s.Stanza1Inspiteofallthelearnedhavesaid,Istillmyoldopinionkeep;Theposture，thatwegivethedead,Pointsoutthesoul'seternalsleep.不管学者们说过什么我依然坚持我的老观点我们给死者安排的姿势表明了灵魂的永远安眠Stanza2Notsotheancientsoftheselands–TheIndian,whenfromlifereleased,Againisseatedwithhisfriends,Andsharesagainthejoyousfeast.这地方的古人并不如此——印第安人一朝离开世人就再次同亲友坐在一起重新把欢乐的宴席分享Stanza3Hisimagedbirds,andpaintedbowl,Andvenison,forajourneydressed,Bespeakthenatureofthesoul,Activity,thatknowsnorest.鸟儿的装饰，带彩绘的碗为路上食用备好的鹿肉说明那灵魂具有的特点—它的活动可没有个尽头Stanza4Hisbow,foractionreadybent,Andarrows,withaheadofstone,Canonlymeanthatlifeisspent,Andnottheoldideasgone.他的弓随时可以引满而发那一支支按有石镞的箭—这只能说明生命离开他但原来的想法没有改变Stanza5Thou,stranger,thatshaltcomethisway,Nofrauduponthedeadcommit—Observetheswellingturf,andsay,Theydonotlie,butheretheysit.陌生的人啊，你该来这里但是可不要把死者冤枉---把这隆起的草冢看仔细，并说他们是坐而不是躺Stanza6Herestillaloftyrockremains,Onwhichthecuriouseyemaytrace(Nowwasted，half，bywearingrains)Thefanciesofaruderrace.这还剩一块高高的岩石，虽给雨侵蚀的斑驳无状（精细的眼睛能由此分辨）那原始民族的种种想象Stanza7Herestillanagedelmaspires,Beneathwhosefar-projectingshade(Andwhichtheshepherdstilladmires)Thechildrenoftheforestplayed.还有一颗高耸的老榆树在它伸得远远的影子下（牧羊人对此喜爱如初)林中的孩子们游戏玩耍Stanza8ThereoftarestlessIndianqueen,(PaleSheba,withherbraidedhair)AndmanyabarbarousformisseenTochidethemanthatlingersthere.常有不眠的印第安女王（这是梳辫的浅肤色PaleSheba）和许多野蛮的形象出场把逗留在那里的人责骂Stanza9Bymidnightmoons,o'ermoisteningdews,Inhabitforthechasearrayed,Thehunterstillthedeerpursues,Thehunterandthedeer，ashade.只见他全身行猎的装束在月明露重的午夜时分这猎手仍在把鹿儿追可这猎手和鹿都是幽灵Stanza10AndlongshalltimorousfancyseeThepaintedchief,andpointedspear,AndReason'sselfshallbowthekneeToshadowsanddelusionshere.纹身的酋长，锋利的矛尖畏怯的想象将久久看见而理智本身会对之屈膝在这种种的幽灵、幻象前ThepoemisaboutanIndianculture,especiallyIndianfuneral.Itdescribesdeathinthistradition,whichislookedatasrudeandsavage.Still,thespeakerrevealsalotaboutitsstrengthandbeautyasthepoemgoeson.Itisamessageinvitingpeopletounderstandthiscultureasitiswithoutprejudices.Unlikethewhiteman'stradition,intheIndian's,thedeadIndianisdressedinspecialclothesasthoughcelebratingahappyevent.DeathintheIndiantraditionhasadifferentmeaning.Itisnolongerthatsadanddreadfuleventthateveryoneisafraidof.Thedeadpersonbecomesawarriorwhoprotectstheland.Thisexplainshispostureandthewayheisdressedin.Theconceptionofdeathinthisculturemakesofitadifferentonefromthewhiteman's.