海水双壳贝类的N-P排泄及其生态效应

10220034JournalofFisherySciencesofChinaVol.10No.2Apr.,2003NP,,(,266071):(N),NH4+-N,,N,,(P),1/3NP,NP:;;;;:Q959.215:A:1005-8737(2003)02-0165-04:2001-09-29.:(30100139;30170742);(G1999012012)1:(1968-),,,,.E-mail:[e-mail],,(N)(P),1N,-,,,()N,,70%,[1],[2-3],,NH+4-N,[2-5],5%50%,,(),[6],,Dagg[7](leack2age)(excretion)Hammen[2],,,,Lange[8],,Bayne[5](Mytilusedulis),,[3,5],[9],Cockcroft[3]2DonoxserraD.sordidus,2025NH+4-N(N)(0.04110.004)g/(mgh),70%78%,21%30%,2%,NO3-2N1%,NO2-2NNakamura[10],Shinji,(Corbiculajaponica)27(N)20010-6g/(gh),(Mgaarenaria),,[4-5],[3,5,10],,(TDN)60%95%,2%25%,1%5%,,TDN0.1%[11],Spar2garen[12],CNc(C)/c(N),[6,13-15],,[16]2P,[17][18-20],,[17]Satomi[21]36%(Modiolusdemissus)(PO43--P)0.086mol/(gh)[22]Mytilusedulis280.010.77mol/(gh)[23];,Asmus[24],90.074mol/(gh)50.17mol/(gh)Smaal[15]10.040.20mol/(indh);40%[25],Atkinson[26]()P,29%Vink[25],CPc(C)/c(N)6091,56[25],c(C)c(N)c(P)=550301[26]CNP(turnovertime),CNP(CNP/CNP),[15,27]Small[15]CNP,N2,PN[15,27],CNP[15]3NP,,,[25]NP[15]NP[3,23],N(NH+4-N)P(PO3-4-P)Kuenzler[22]83%Kaut2sky[23]AskÊ339t104t,,6%17%[9-10,28-30]Jordan[28](M.de2missus)NH+4-N;NH+4-N,NH+4-N1,66110(,[31])(),,,N[31-32],,NO-3-NNO-2-N,[33-34]NP,,(),,,,NP,,:[1]GriffithsCL,GriffithsRJ.Bivalvia[A].PandianTL,VernbergEJ.AnimalEnergetics,Vol.2[M].NewYork:AcademicPress,1987.1288.[2]HammenCS.Aminotransferaseactivitiesandaminoacidsexcretionofbivalvemollusksandbrachiopods[J].CompBiochemPhysiol,1968,36:6972705.[3]CockcroftAC.NitrogenexcretionbythesurfzonebivalvesDonaxserraandD.sordidus[J].MarEcolProgSer,1990,60:57-65.[4]AllenJA,GarretMR.TheexcretionofammoniaandureabyMyaarenariaL.(Mollusca:Bivalia)[J].CompBiochemPhysiol,1971,36:6972705.[5]BayneBL.Theresponsesofthreespeciesofbivalvemollusktodeclin2ingoxygentensionatreducedsalinity[J].CompBiochemPhysiol,1973,A45:7932806.[6]BayneBL,ScullardC.RatesofnitrogenexcretionbyspeciesofMytilusedulisL.(BivalvaiMollusca)[J].JMarBiolAssocUK,1977,57:3552369.[7]DaggMJ.Completecarbonandnitrogenbudgetsforthecarnivorusam2phipodCalliopuslaevirusculus(Kroyer)[J].Hydrobiologia,1976,61:2972357.[8]LangeR.Somerecentworkonosmotic,ionicandvolumeregulationsinmarineanimals[J].OceanographyandMarineBiology,andAnnualReview,1972,10:972136.[9]CockcroftAC,McLachlanA.Nitrogenbudgetforahigh2energye2cosystem[J].MarEcolProgSer,1993,100:2872299.[10]NakamuraM,YamamuroM,IshikawaM,etal.RoleofthebivalveCorbiculajaponicainthenitrogencycleinamesohalinelagoon[J].MarBiol,1988,99:369-374.[11]RegnaultM.Nitrogenexcretioninmarineandfresh2watercrustacea[J].BiolRev,1987,62:1224.[12]SpargarenDH.ThesignificanceofnitrateinnitrogenousexcretionofCarcinusmaenas[J].NethJSeaRes,1985,19:1192124.[13]BayneBL,WiddowsJ.ThephysiologicalecologyoftwopopulationsofMytiusedulisL[J].Oecologia(Berlin),1978,37:1372162.[14]HawkinsAJS,AlkeldPN,BayneBL,etal.FeedingandresourceallocationinthemusselMytilusedulis:evidencefortime2averagedoptimization[J].MarEcolProgSer,1985,20:2732287.[15]SmaalAC,VonckAPMA.SeasonalvariationinC,NandPbud2getsandtissuecompositionofthemusselMytilusedulis[J].MarEcolProgSer,1997,153:1672179.[16]GabbottPA.Developmentalandseasonalactivityinmarinemollusks[A].Themollusca,2,Environmentalbiochemistryandphysiology2[C].NewYork:AcademicPress,1983.1652217.[17]PomeroyLR,MathewsHM,MinHS.ExcretionofphosphateandsolubleorganicphosphoruscompoundsbyZooplankton[J].LimnolO2ceanogr,1963,8:50-54.[18]PetersRH,RiglerFH.PhosphorusreleasebyDaphnia[J].LimnolOceanogr,1973,18:8212839.[19]OlsenY,Stgaard.Estimatingreleaseratesofphosphorusfromzoo2plankton:Modelandexperimentalverification[J].LimnolOceanogr,1985,30:8442852.[20]OlsenY,JensenA,ReinertsenH.DependenceoftherateofreleaseofphosphorusbyzooplanktononthePCratiointhefoodsupply,ascalculatedbyarecyclingmodel[J].LimnolOceanogr,1986,31:34-44.[21]SatomiM,PomeroyLR.Respirationandphosphorusexcretioninsomemarinepopulations[J].Ecology,1965,46(6):8772881.[22]KuenzlerEJ.Phosphorusbudgetofamusselpopulation[J].LimnolOceanogr,1961,6:4002415.[23]KautskyN,WallentinusI.NutrientreleasefromaBalticMytilus2redalgalcommunityanditsroleinbenthicandpelagicproductivity[J].Ophelia,1980,1(Suppl):17230.[24]AsmusH,AsmusRM,ZubillagaGF.Domusselbedsintensifythephosphrusexchangebetweensedimentandtidalwaters?[J].Opheli2a,1994,41:37255.[25]VinkS,AtkinsonMJ.HighdissolvedCPexcretionratiosforlargebenthicmarineinvertebrates[J].MarEcolProgSer,1985,21:191-195.[26]AtkinsonM,SmithSV.CNPratiosofbenthicmarineplants[J].LimnolOceanogr,1983,28:5682574.[27]HatcherA.Nitrogenandphosphorusturnoverinsomebenthicmarineinvertebrates:implicationfortheuseofCNratiostoassessfoodquality[J].MarBiol,1994,121:1612166.7612:NP[28]JordanTE,ValielaI.Anitrogenbudgetoftheribbedmussel,GeukenslademissaanditssignificanceinnitrogenflowinNewEnglandsaltmarsh[J].LimnolOceanogr,1982,27:75290.[29]HawkinsAJS,BayneBL.Seasonalvariationintherelativeutiliza2tionofcarbonandnitrogenbythemusselMytilusedulis:budgets,conversionefficienciesandmaintainancerequirements[J].MarEcolProgSer,1985,25:1812188.[30]SoaresAG,SchlacherTA,MclachlanA.Carbonandnitrogenex2changebetweensandybeac