动名词

动名词1构成2功能3时态4语态动名词的构成是由动词末尾加-ing形式构成，因此又叫动词的-ing形式。动名词否定式：not+v-ing注意：不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。动名词的形式主动形式被动形式一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone非谓语动词在句中所作的成分成分动词形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式动名词现在分词过去分词√√√√√√√√√√√√√√作主语Teachingismyfull-timejob.WritinganEnglishcompositionisnoteasy.It’suselesstakingthiskindofmedicine.动名词的句法功能注意：动名词作主语时，谓语动词一律用单数。动名词作主语的形式主语句型1.Itisnouse/gooddoing….2.Itisnotanyuse/gooddoing….3.Itisworthwhiledoing….4.Itishardlyworthdoing….5.Thereisnodoing….6.It’sawasteoftimedoing….eg.It’snogoodtellingherallthetruth.It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.Thereisnotalkingwhatwillhappen.It’sawasteoftimearguingaboutit.Itisworthwhiletryingthisexperiment.动名词和不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为；不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。eg.Playingwithfireisdangerous.Toplaywithfirewillbedangerous.Smokingisprohibitedhere.Tosmokesomuchisn’tgoodforyou.考点（2）与不定式作主语的区别完成句子：①读书是一门艺术。isanart.②爬山真有趣。isreallyfun.③对于商人来说，收集信息是很重要的。isveryimportanttobusinessmen.④这次很难拒绝他。isnoteasythistime.⑤我今天的任务是清洁这个房间。ismytasktoday.动名词作主语。句型1：位于句首考点（1）谓语用单数：Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(2008年广东高考题)resultsReadingClimbingmountainsCollectinginformationTocleantheroomTorefusehim动名词：表抽象的、经常性的动作。不定式：表具体的、一次性的、将来的动作。考点（3）：用所给词的正确形式填空：①Seeingis(believe).(see)istobelieve.②(live)isstruggling.Toliveis(struggle).③Itiseasiertoreadaforeignlanguagethan(speak)it.Readingaforeignlanguageiseasierthan(speak)it.believingToseeLivingtostruggletospeakspeakingnouse/goodnotanyuse/goodoflittleuseuselessItis/wasawasteoftime+doingsth.worthwhilehardlyworthfun…翻译：1.跟他争吵是没用的。2.和孩子们一起玩真好。3.阅读这样的书是浪费时间。句型2：用It作形式主语习惯句型：Itisnousearguingwithhim.Itisfunplayingwithchildren.Itisawasteoftimereadingsuchabook.句型3：Thereisno+doingsth.无法/不能……英译汉：Thereisnoknowingwhattheweatherwillbelike.Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.作表语Myjobisteaching.=Teachingismyjob.Herfull-timejobislayingeggs.=Layingeggsisherfull-timejob.动名词和不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语表示一般或抽象的行为；不定式作表语往往表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来的动作时,多用不定式.eg.Myfavouritehobbyisjogging.Hisideaistogiveuptheplan.注意：现在进行时着重强调动作正在进行.eg.Heiscleaningthewindow.作宾语•Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.•Ihavejustfinisheddoingmyhomework.•Heisfondofplayingfootball.•Sheleftwithouttellingme.注意：动名词可以作动词、动词短语及介词的宾语一.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词(短语)有:dislike,avoid,consider,finish,suggest,deny,imagine,risk,mind,keep,miss,enjoy,fancy,admit,delay,appreciate,practise,escape,can’thelp,can’tstand,giveup,putoff,feellike,succeedin,等太多了，怎么记呀？MrsPBlackmissedabeefbag.MrsPBlackmissedabeefbag.mind,risk,suggest,practise,busy,lookforwardto,advise,consider,keep,miss,insiston,succeedin,escape,delay,avoid/appreciate,begin,enjoy,finish,beusedto,admit,giveup.二.某些动词接不定式与动名词作宾语的区别1)remembertodo记住要做某事rememberdoing记得过去做过某事我记得在街上见过他。Iremembermeetinghiminthestreet.我想起来要给我父母亲写信。Iremembertowritealettertomyparents.2)forgettodo忘记去做某事forgetdoing忘记做过某事我忘了去为她寄那封信了.Iforgottomailtheletterforher.我忘记了写过那篇作文.Iforgotwritingthatcomposition.3)stopdoing停止做某事stoptodo停下正在做的事而去做另外一件事请不要抽烟Stopsmoking,please.咱们停下来休息一下吧。Let'sstoptohavearest.4)meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味着……Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.我打算赶上早班车.这意味着花很多钱.5)trytodo设法尽力做某事trydoing试着做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.你设法尽力克服你的缺点.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.试着用另一种方法去计算这物理难题.6)regrettodo对要做的事表示抱歉或遗憾regretdoing对已做过的事表示后悔我后悔花了那么多钱.我很遗憾地吿诉你,你高考失败了.Iregretspendingsomuchmoney.Iregrettotellyouhavefailedthecollegeentranceexam.三.allow,advise,forbid,permit+doingallow,advise,forbid,permit+sb.+todoeg.Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.四.need,require,want+doing(主动形式表被动意义)tobedoneeg.Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.tobecleaned.五.addto,lookforwardto,leadto,payattentionto,stickto,devoteoneselfto,objectto,getdownto,get/beusedto+doing六.love,like,prefer,hate,+doing表示一般倾向性.todo表示一次具体动作eg.IlikechattingontheInternet.Iliketogotothecinematonight.七.begin,start,continue+doing/todo区别不大.如果谈论一项长期的或习惯的动作,常用doing.eg.Shestartsmakingpreparationsateighteveryday.Iwasbeginningtogetworried.Shebegantounderstandwhattheyreallywanted.Themeatbegantogiveoffabadsmell.八.Should/wouldlike/love+todoeg.Thelittlechildwouldlovetobetakentothezoo.九、下面这种结构中也可以用动名词(短语)构成宾语S（主语）+thinkconsiderfindfeellike+it+uselessnousenogood+V-ingIfoundituseless(nouse)__________________.我发现争论这件事是没有用的．arguingaboutitDoyouconsideritanygood______________?你觉得再试会有好处吗？tryingagain十、在下面这类句子中，介词in常可以省略，后接v-ing1)Ｓ＋havetrouble/difficultyaproblem/astruggleagoodtime/ahardtime(+in)+V-ing2)S+spendtime/money(in)+v-ing3)S+bebusy(in/with)+V-ing4)losenotime(in)+V-ing立即做－－－－Theyarebusy(in)__________________________..他们忙于准备考试．Doyouhaveanydifficulty(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿?你听懂英语口语有困难吗？Ispenttwohours(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.我花了两个小时写作文．Helostnotime(in)＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.他立即把这个好消息告诉了我．preparingfortheexaminationunderstandingspokenEnglishwritingmycompositiontellingmethegoodnewsPratice注意：在动词advise,allow,permit（允许）forbid(禁止)，consider等后，如果没有人称宾语，后跟动名词；如果有人称宾语则后跟不定式。例如:(1)Wedon’tallow___________(smoke)inourschool.(2)Studentsarenotpermitted______________(enter)thelaboratoryfreely.(3)Johnadvisedme_____________(forgive)herforwhatshehadd