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第1页共5页定语从句十大难点定语从句是中学英语教学的语法重点,也是难点。为了让同学们更好地掌握这个语法项目,本文对定语从句难点及重点加以分析归纳。请看题:1.Isthisthehouse________thegreatmusicianwasbornin?A.whichB.whereC.theoneD.it2.I’llneverforgetthedays________wespentourholidaystogetherinJapan.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.that3.Itwastheonlycottonmill________therewasthen.A.whyB.whereC.inwhichD.不填4.I’mtakingsomeweight-losspills,________arequitepopularhere.A.thatB.whichC.theyD.who5.Thepassangersandthesuitcases________werestillwaitinghadtobetransferredtoanotherplane.A.itB.whatC.thatD.which6.Itwasthelargestmap________Ihadeverseen.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.withwhich7.Whichwasthehotel________wasrecommendedtoyou?A.asB.thatC.whoD.which8.Iwillpardonhim,________ishonest.A.thatB.whoeverC.whoD.which9.Wewentthroughaperiod_____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(度过了在乡下交流很困难的时期)A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich10.Isawsomeonerunningtowardsmeinthedarkstreet.BeforeIcouldseewhoitwas,-----shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich11.MrZhanghadalotoffriends,noneof________couldlendhimanymoney.A.whomB.themC.whichD.who12.Theman,in________companyIhavebeenworkingfortenyears,isagoodboss.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom13.I’vecometothepoint________Ican’tstand(忍受的临界点)herarguinganylonger.到某种地步,在某种境况中A.whyB.whichC.whereD.that14.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,________weresetwithsmalldiamonds.A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsofC.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich15.Tomspentthesummerholidaysincollege,during________timehegotapart-timejobandreadmanyliteraturebooksaswell.A.thatB.thisC.whoseD.which16.________wasannouncedinthenewspaper,ourcountrywon51goldmedalsinthe29thOlympicGames.A.ItB.ThatC.AsD.Which17.TheownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepItrunning,________meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.第2页共5页A.whoB.thatC.asD.which18.Yonshouldtreathim(in)theway________suitshimbest.A.thatB.inwhichC./D.why19.Thisisoneofthebooksonthissubjectthat________beenwritteninChinese.A.haveB.hadC.hasD.having20.Thisistheonlyoneofthebooksonthissubjectthat_____beenwritteninChinese.A.haveB.hadC.hasD.having21.________isknowntousallisthatChineseathletesachievedgreatsuccessinthe2008OlympicGames.A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which22.Isthishotel________weweretostayinyourletter?A.whereB.inwhichC.theoneD.AandC23.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?—Itwasintheschool________weworked.A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where【参考答案】1—5AADBC6—10CBCCD11—15ACCDD16—20CDAAC21—23BAD关系代词和关系副词的选择选择关系代词还是关系副词要依据先行词在定语从句中所作的成分,关系词在从句中作主语、宾语,选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which);作定语时用whose引导定语从句。如试题1中指代先行词house的关系词作in的宾语,而不是状语,所以答案为A。关系词在从句中作状语时,应选择关系副词(where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语)。如试题2中的关系词thedays在从句中作状语,而不是宾语(从句中的宾语是ourholidays);试题3中的关系词在定语从句中作主状语。比较:①IliveinWuxi,whichisfamousforTaihuLake.②IliveinWuxi,whereTaihuLakeisprotectedbylaw.例①,which在从句中作主语;where在从句中作状语。that与which的区别1.限制性定语从句的先行词指物,而且关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时既可以用that也可以用which,但是that不能引导非限制性定语从句,如试题4。2.先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,anything,nothing等词,关系代词用that。3.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及all,any,every,few,thevery,theonly修饰时,用that作关系代词。如试题6。4.在which疑问句中,关系代词用that而不用which。如试题7。which与where的区别如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,activity.condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,而且关系词在从句中作状语,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”,此时用where引导定语从句。如试题13。“介词+关系代词”结构中的介词及关系代词的选择关系代词作介词宾语,介词可前置,此时只能用whom.which而不能用that,who构成“介词+which/whom”的结构。该结构中介词的选择,一要看先行词;二要看与定语从句谓语动词的搭配;三要看句意。如第3页共5页试题9,period后面的定语从句中缺少时间状语,要用when,而此题中没有when,所以要选择inwhich相当于intheperiod。再如试题10,先行词direction和定语从句的谓语come之间要用介词from。注意:1.若为短语动词(即固定搭配),那么介词不能放在关系词前面,如:lookafter,takecareof,lookfor等。2.关系副词在意义上相当于“介词+which”。IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=onwhich)hearrived.Theofficewhere(=inwhich)heworksisonthethirdfloor.Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=forwhich)wedidit.“不定代词、数词或名词+ofwhich/whom”引出非限制性定语从句。表示整体中的一部分。如:Thereare40studentsinourclass,27ofwhomareboys.我们班有40名学生,其中27名是男生。例如试题11是“代词+ofwhom”结构,先行词是人,所以用whom。试题14,是“名词+of、which”结构。关系代词whose的用法先行词在定语从句中作定语用whose。I’vegotacar,whosetypeispopular.我拥有一辆小汽车,其车型现在非常受欢迎。又如试题12,其中whosecompany又作介词in的宾语。此题关键弄清关系词与后面的名词的所属关系,问题就迎刃而解了。此外,whose从句可转换为“名词+ofwhich”型,如试题14从句部分可以改写为:whosehandsweresetwithsmalldiamonds。再如:Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopenstothesouth.as与which的区别as和which可以引导非限制性定语从句,都指主句所表达的所有内容,而且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但也有区别:1.as引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。如试题16。2.as引导非限制性定语从句时,后面常接say,know,judge等动词,表示“正如”。如果先行词是theway,而且关系代词在定语从句中充当状语,则定语从句通常由inwhich或that引导。也常可以省略引导词。如:Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youtreather.我不喜欢你对待她的方式。然而试题18中的先行词theway,在后面的定语从句中充当主语。故只能选A。考查定语从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语,从句的谓语要与先行词保持一致。“oneofthe+复数名词”在关系词前,那么先行词为“the+复数名词”;“theonlyoneofthe+复数名词”在关系词前,那么先行词是theonlyone。如试题19的先行词是books,所以从句谓语用复数而试题20的先行词是theonlyone。将定语从句与其他从句或非谓语动词等知识混合在一起考查试题的命题者常把定语从句和结果状语从句、地点状语从句、强调句型、同位语从句等易混淆的结构放在一个具体的语境中,要求考生加以区别。如试题21,好像四个选项都对,但是,经过仔细分析可知,答案应该是B,what引导主语从句并在从名中充当主语。再如试题22,该题要求考生区分定语从句和表语从句。将疑问句还原为肯定句:Thishotelis第4页共5页_____weweretostay.从句中stay是不及物动词不带定语,故排除C(省略作宾语的关系词)。又因为在还原后的句子中is后无名词,所以排除B。试题23将定语从句与强调句结合在同一题干里,答句省略与问句相同的部分,补全是:Itwasintheschool________weworkedthatIgottoknowher.根据先行词theschool在从句中
本文标题:定语从句十大难点
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