非谓语动词的被动语态

Thepassivevoiceofnon--infiniteThewindowisbroken.Thewindowwasbrokenbythenaughtyboy.Lookatthesentences.Isthisapassivesentence?当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词用被动语态。常见时态的被动语态：一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/may/must/havetobedonePassivevoiceofinfinitive：当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，一般要用不定式的被动式。1.It’sanhonour(forme)tobeinvitedtotheceremony.It’sanhonour(forme)toinviteyoutotheceremony.2.Shedidn’tliketobetreatedasachild.Shedidn’tliketotreattheboyasachild.不定式的被动式在句中作什么成分作主语作主语作宾语作宾语3.Hisdreamwastobeadmittedtoagooduniversity.Shedoesn’tseemtoliketheidea.4.Therearealotofproblemstobediscussed.Wehavealotofproblemstodiscuss.作表语作定语5.Parentsgreatlyencouragetheirchildrentojointheclub.Theshopkeepersawathiefslipintothestore.Athiefwasseentoslipintothestorebytheshopkeeper.I’mgladtobemadechairman.I’mgladtohavemadehimourchairman.作宾补作宾补作主补作原因状语6.Shewassenttheretobetrainedforthespaceflight.Shewassenttheretotrainthespacemenforthespaceflight.Thosefanshurriedtotheairport,onlytobetoldthattheidolhadleft.Thosefanshurriedtotheairport,onlytofindthattheidolhadleft.目的状语结果状语辨析：1.Doyouhaveanythingtowashtoday?(towash的逻辑主语为句子的主语you)你今天要洗什么吗？2.Doyouhaveanythingtobewashed?(tobewashed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人来做)你有什么要其他人洗的吗？不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义1.在Therebe/seem…+主语+todo表示存在的句型中的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义There’snotenoughfoodtoeat.没有足够的食物吃。There’snochairtositon.没有椅子坐。2.在形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式，一般用主动形式表示被动意义，其中形容词常见的有easy,difficult,important,impossible等。Theworkisimpossibletofinishintwodays.=Itisimpossibletofinishtheworkintwodays.3.在一些固定用法，如“挨骂，受责备，受批评”用betoblame；“（东西等）出租”用tolet。(toblame/tolet作表语）Heistoblameforwhathehasdone.他应为他所做的受责备。Thehouseistolet.房子要出租。passivevoiceofv—ing:动词-ing形式的被动式,其构成为“being+done”.如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所表示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式要用被动语态.动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?1.Sobeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.2.Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.3.Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.4.Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.5.Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?作主语作宾语作定语作状语作状语It’sapleasurebeinginvitedtotheparty.Beingofferedsuchagoodchancewasluck.WhatIhatemostisbeinglookeddownupon.Ourtaskiscleaningthecanteen.作主语作主语作表语作表语Thepresentsituationisinspiring.Heoftenwatchedtheboatsbeingunloaded.Asweapproachedthevillagewesawnewhousesbeingbuilt.作表语作宾补作宾补*Beingbadlywounded,thewhalesoondied.*Havingbeentoldmanytimes,shestillmadethesamemistake.*Seeingfromthehill,wefoundthesmallvillagebeautiful.*Childrenrushedout,laughing.*Herhusbanddied,leavingherabigfortuneandadaughter.原因状语让步状语时间状语伴随状语结果状语Henearlygothitbyacar.Theoldcouplewereshockedatthenews.Goandgetyourhaircut.Theoldmanhadhiswalletstolen.Canyoumakeyourselfunderstood?表语表语宾补Heisamanlovedbyall.=Heisamanwhoislovedbyall.Thebridgebuiltneedsrepairing.=Thebridgewhich/thathasbeenbuiltneedsrepairing.Frustrated,hereturnedtohishomeland.定语定语原因状语Givenmoretime,Icoulddoitbetter.Thoughtoldmanytimes,theboywouldn’tquitsmoking.Seenfromthehill,thechurchlooksawesome.条件状语让步状语时间状语固定用法：*tobehonest/frank;tospeakfrankly;tobegin/startwith;toputitbriefly;totell(you)thetruth*generallyspeaking;judgingfrom/by;considering;seeing;allowingfor*given