John Keats

Keats’sPositioninEnglishLiteratureOneofthegreatestEnglishpoets,oneofthekeyfiguresinthesecondgenerationoftheRomanticmovement,alongwithLordByronandShelley.Knownasasensuouspoet.(给人以美的享受的诗人）,Avoicethroughwhichbeautyexpressesitself.Heis,likeShakespeare,MiltonandWordsworth,oneoftheindisputablegreatEnglishpoets.AndhismightypoemswillnodoubthavealastingplaceinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.ContentLifeexperienceLiterarycareerandmajorworksWritingStyleCriticalreceptionofKeats’poetryDefinitionofodeWorksappreciation:“OdetoNightgale”Keats’LifeCamefromapoorbackground,sonofaliver-stablekeeper,losthisparentsearlyinlife,andwasapprenticedat15toadoctor.studiedmedicineinLondonfrom1815to1816.Butheleftthisprofessionverysoon.Hadnoformaleducationorliterarytraining.Madeupfordeficiencywithvoraciousreading.ReadwellinGreekandElizabethanliterature,andhadHomer,Spenser,ShakespeareandMiltonamonghisliterarypassions.Theyear1818isadifficultoneforKeats.personalproblemsbegantoweighheavilyonhim.Astheeldestoffourchildren,Keatsfeltaspecialresponsibilityandclosenesstohistwobrothersandhissister.Misfortunesbefellhimruthlessly.Hisbrotherdied,andhecontractedtheterminaldisease---tuberculosis.Helovedayounggirl,FannyBrowne,buthadtocutofftieswithherbecauseofhisillnessandexperiencedtheworseemotionaltormentforahumanbeing.LaterinlifehewenttoItalytoimprovehishealth.Hewasslightlyover25yearsoldwhenhedied.HetoldhisfriendJosephSevernthathewantedonhisgravejusttheline.“Hereliesonewhosenamewaswritteninwater”Keats'sGrave-NewProtestantCemetery,RomeTHISGRAVECONTAINSALLTHATWASMORTALOFAYOUNGENGLISHPOETWHOONHISDEATH-BEDINTHEBITTERNESSOFHISHEARTatthemaliciouspowerofhisenemiesdesiredthesewordstobeengravedonhistombstoneHERELIESONEWHOSENAMEWASWRITINWATERFEB241821英国诗人济慈的墓志铭是：Hereliesonewhosenamewaswritteninwater。翻译:在此长眠者，他的名字曾在世间昙花一现。诗人济慈的坟头上刻着他自己生前写下的墓志铭：“在此长眠者，他的名字曾在世间昙花一现。”济慈已是具有世界影响的大诗人，每一本世界文学史上都不能少了他的名字，这是今天许多写作者梦寐以求的辉煌。然而当死亡把一切席卷，留下的只有一个名字，济慈还认为那也是写在水上的字，一阵风就会把它抹得无影无踪。Keats’LifeStoryhumblestablekeeperparents’deathguardianbound立约asurgeoncontracted缔结aloveofpoetryin1817,awalkingtourtotheLakeCountryandEngland,lyricpoemsinterestinpolitics;concernforthemiseriesofthepoorKeats’LifeStorytuberculosisgrievesandtroublesdeathofhislovedbrothermoneyproblemcruelcriticismcouldn'tmarrymaturitynewaspectJohnKeats’Lifesummitofcareer1818—1820Romein1820diedin1821andburiedintheProtestantcemeteryHereliesonewhosenameiswritteninwater.用水写成,形容生命转眼即逝，一生充满困苦和泪水。叹人生短暂和艰辛。LiterarycareerandmajorworksIn1814,KeatsmovedtoLondonandtherehemetLeighHunt,editoroftheleadingliberalmagazineoftheday,TheExaminer.HuntintroducedKeatstootheryoungRomantics,includingShelley.Keats’sfirstimportantpoem“OnfirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”初读查普曼译荷马有感waspublishedin1816inthepaper.Keats'sfirstbook,Poems,waspublishedin1817.Saleswerepoor.1)Poems，《诗集》，hisfirstbook.（1）“OnSolitude”,“孤寂”,asonnetpublishedinHunt’sTheExaminer《检查官》.（2)“OnFirstLookingintoChapman’sHomer”,“初读查普曼译荷马史诗”，asonnet.（3）“SleepandPoetry”,“睡与诗”optimism;beautyofNature;praisesofLife;lovesofpoetryEndymion《安狄米恩》(1818),Keats’firstlongpoemappeared,whenhewas21.Ittoldin4000linesoftheloveofthemoongoddessCynthiafortheyoungshepherdEndymion.Itwasattackedbycriticsatthattime.Theyearsfrom1818to1821wasYeats’mostproductivetime.Hefinishedmanyofhismostmemorablepoems,amongthemLamia,TheEveofSt.Agnes,thegreatodesandtwoversionsofHyperion《希波里恩》《亥伯龙神》（泰坦神族的一员）.FivelongpoemsEndymion,《恩底弥翁》hisfirstlongpoemIsabella《伊莎贝拉》TheEveofSt.Agnes《圣·爱格尼斯节前夕》Lamia《莱米亚》Hyperion《希波里恩》HewroteallhissixodesbetweenMarchandJuneof1819,withToAutumninSeptember.TheodesareKeats'smostimportantandmatureworksOdeonaGrecianUrn希腊古瓮颂OdeonMelancholy忧郁颂OdetoaNightingale夜莺颂OdetoAutumn秋颂OdetoPsyche心灵颂OdeonIndolence懒散颂六大颂诗创作于1819年1-9月。其中诗人通过充满诗意与美感的幻境创造，表现了勇于追求理想的精神；通过对美妙幻想世界的描写，表达了对现实的不满和对人民苦难的深切同情；通过精炼而形象的语言，抒发并表现了诗人丰富的感情和深刻的思想。在诗体上更是别具一格。DominantthoughtsinKeats'odes:1.Natureisbeautiful2.therealmsofartandpoetryarewonderful3.thehumansocietycontainsinescapablemiseriesFeaturesofhispoetryKeats’poetrycharacterizedbyexactandclosely-knitconstructionsensualdescriptions:Withvividandrichimages,hepaintspoeticpicturesfullofwonderfulcolor.forceinimagination:Hehasthepowerofenteringthefeelingsofothers--eitherhumanoranimal.givingtranscendentalvaluestothephysicalbeautyoftheworldthesubjectmatter:thepoet'sabidingpreoccupationwiththeimaginationasituniteswiththebeautiful.CriticalreceptionofKeats’poetry:-notmuchreadduringhislifetime-harshlyjudgedbycritics-beliefarosethatnegativecriticismhastenedhisdeath-KeatswrotetohisbrotherGeorge,IthinkIshallbeamongtheEnglishpoetsaftermydeath“,butwrotethisforhisownepitaph.-reputation(likeBlake's)establishedbylaterVictorians,Tennysonconsideredhimthegreatestpoetofthe19thC.-Keatsbegantobetreatedasaseriousthinkerandliterarytheoristwiththepublicationofhislettersinthe20thC.DefinitionofodeOde:isacomplexandoftenlengthylyricpoem,writteninadignifiedformalstyleonsomeloftyorserioussubject,andwritteninpraiseof,ordedicatedtosomeoneorsomethingwhichcapturesthepoet'sinterestorservesasanin