john_donne 英国诗人约翰邓恩(英文版)PPT(全)

Unit4JohnDonne(1572-1631)CharlesLingSchoolofForeignStudies,SCNU2006.11.06JohnDonne•theleadingfigureofthemetaphysicalschoolJohnDonnewasborntoaprosperousLondonin1572.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoung,andhewasraisedbyhismother,Elizabeth.Donne'sfirstliterarywork,satireswaswrittenduringthisperiod.ThiswasfollowedbySongsandSonnets.InhisfinalyearsDonne'spoemsreflectanobsessionwithhisowndeath,whichcameonMarch31,1631.JohnDonneisrememberedforthewitandpoignancyofhispoetry.Thenin1617AnneDonnediedingivingbirthtothecouple's12thchild.HerdeathaffectedDonnegreatly,thoughhecontinuedtowrite,notablyHolySonnets(1618).JohnDonne(1572?-1631)•Donne’spoemscanbedividedintotwocategories:theyouthfullovelyricsandthelatersacredverses.TheyouthfullovelyricswerepublishedafterhisdeathasSongsandSonnetsin1633.Hisearlypoemswerelovesongs,elegies,andversesatires.•Donne’slatersacredverses,publishedin1624asDevotionsuponEmergentOccasionswhichshowtheintenseinterestDonnetookinthespectacleofmoralityundertheshadowofdeath,avisionthathauntedhimperpetually,andinspiredthehighestflightsofhiseloquence.JohnDonne’sPoetry•Youthfullovelyrics:Songs&Sonnets,16331.differentfrommostoftheElizabethanlyrics,cutwidefromthepathofcourtlypolishandrestraint;2.whimsicalandsatiricalinmoodandalmostexclamatoryintone;3.characterizedbydirectness,ironyandcynicism.4.suffusedwithanemotionalintensityandaspiritualizedardouruniqueinEnglishpoetry;5.fantasticmetaphorsandextravaganthyperboles•Latersacredverses:DevotionsuponEmergentOccasionsin16241.showedtheintenseinterestDonnetookinthespectacleofmoralityundertheshadowofdeath.MetaphysicalPoetry•Thetermappliestoagroupof17th-centuryEnglishpoetswhousedcertaincommontechniquesandemployedafewcommonthemes.–RevoltagainstElizabethanlovepoetryandthetradition.–Psychologicalanalysisofemotionsofloveandreligion.–Penchantfornovelandevenshockingcomparisons.–Metaphysicalconceit---extendedmetaphor.•Metaphysicalwit---comparisonofapparentlyquitedissimilarobjectsofconceptsandthediscoverythattheyareafterallsimilar.–Roughnessofmeterandirregularrhyme.TheMetaphysicalSchool•ThoughtherewasnoorganizedgroupofpoetswhoimitatedDonne,theinfluenceofhispoeticstylewaswidelyfeltonGeorgeHerbert,RichardCrashow,HenryVaughan,andA.Cowley.•TheywerenamedasthemetaphysicalschoolofpoetsbyJohnDrydenandDr.Johnson,notwithoutaderogatoryconnotation.•SamuelJohnsoncoinedthetermmetaphysicalpoetstodescribeDonneandhispoeticdescendantswhenhewroteofAbrahamCowleyintheLivesoftheEnglishPoetsthatthemetaphysicalpoetsweremenoflearning,andtoshowlearningwastheirwholeendeavor.TheMetaphysicalSchool•Thedictionissimple,andechoesthewordsandcadencesofcommonspeech.•Theimageryisdrawnfromtheactuallife.•Theformisfrequentlythatofanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.Donne’sPoetry---Unmusicalness•ItisduetoDonne’sconversationaltoneandemploymentofnaturalspeechrhythms;Donne’spoetryisfamousforitsabrupt,direct,surprisingopenings.Plainlytheaimhereisnotsweetness,grace,orverbalmelody.•Itisaresultfromavigorousexploitationofthenaturalrhythmsofthespeakingvoice.Donnewasaconsciousartist,andhedeliberatelyavoidedconventionalfluencyofmovementandcourtlinessofdiction.•Itadoptsadictionandmetermodeledontheroughgive-and-takeofactualspeech.OneoftheprimecausesofdissonanteffectsinDonne’sjuxtaposingtwoormorestressedsyllables.UnmusicalnessGoe,andcatcheafallingstarre,Getwithchildamandrakeroote,Tellmewhereallpastyearesare,OrwhoclefttheDevilsfoot,...(Song)Busieoldfoole,unrulySunneWhydostthouthus,Throughwindows,andthroughcurtainscallonus?----TheSunneRisingSomemoreexamplesStandstill,andIwillreadtotheeAlecture,Love,inlovesphilosophy.(ALectureupontheShadow)Come,Madam,come,allrestmypowersdefie,UntilIlabour,Iinlabourlie.(GoingtoBed)Deathbenotproud,thoughsomehavecalledtheeMightyanddreadful,for,thouartnotsoe,...(HolySonnets)Donne’sPoetry---Verseargument•Admirationfordifficultyinthethought.Itputstouseasubtleandoftenoutrageouslogic.•Itisusuallyorganizedinthedramaticorrhetoricalformofanurgentorheatedargument(firstdrawinginthereaderandthenlaunchingtheargument).•Itrevealsapersistentwittiness,makinguseofparadox,puns,andstartlingparallels.•Donne’spoetryisremarkableforitsfusionofpassionatefeelingandlogicalargument.Themorehewasmoved,thequickerhismindworked.Conceit(奇喻)•Orfar-fetchedcomparisons.Acomparisonbecomesaconceitwhenwearemadetoconcedelikenesswhilebeingstronglyconsciousofunlikeness.•TheElizabethanpoetswerefondofPetrarchanconceits,whichwereconventionalcomparisons,imitatedfromthelovesongsofPetrarch,inwhichthebelovedwascomparedtoaflower,agarden,orthelike.•Themetaphysicalpoetsfashionedconceitsthatwerewitty,complex,intellectual,andoftenstartling.•SamuelJohnsondisapprovedofsuchstrainedmetaphors,declaringthatintheconceit“themostheterogeneousideasareyokedbyviolencetogether.”TheFlea•FleaswereapopularsubjectforhumorousandamatorypoetryinallcountriesattheRenaissance.•Theirpopularitystemsfromaneventthathappenedinaliterarysalon.Thesalonwasrunbytwoladies,andonanoccasionafleahappenedtolandupononelady'sbreast.Thepoetswereamazedatthecreature'saudacity,andwereinspiredt