海上求生英文model-course

ModelCourse1.19ProficiencyinPersonalSurvivalTechniquesFirstpublishedin1998bytheINTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATION4AlbertEmbankment，LondonSE17SRRevisededition，2000PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyAshfordPress46810975ISBN-13：978-92-801-6119-9IMOPUBLICATIONSalesnumber：TA119EACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIMOwishestoexpressitssincereappreciationtotheNorwegianMaritimeDirectorateforitsvaluableassistanceandco-operation．Copyright©InternationalMaritimeOrganization2000Allrightsreserved．Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystemortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans，electronicwithoutpriorpermissioninwritingfromtheInternationalMaritimeOrganization．ForewordSinceitsinceptiontheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationhasrecognizedtheimportanceofhumanresourcestothedevelopmentofthemadtimeindustryandhasgiventhehighestprioritytoassistingdevelopingcountriesinenhancingtheirmaritimetrainingcapabilitiesthroughtheprovisionorimprovementofmaritimetrainingfacilitiesatnationalandregionallevels．IMOhasalsorespondedtotheneedsofdevelopingcountriesforpostgraduatetrainingforseniorpersonnelinadministration，ports，shippingcompaniesandmaritimetraininginstitutesbyestablishingtheWorldMaritimeUniversityinMalmO，Sweden，in1983．FollowingtheearlieradoptionoftheInternationalConventiononStandardsofTraining，CertificationandWatchkeepingforSeafarers，1978，anumberofIMOMemberGovernmentshadsuggestedthatIMOshoulddevelopmodeltrainingcoursestoassistintheimplementationoftheConventionandinachievingamorerapidtransferofinformationandskillsregalingnewdevelopmentsinmaritimetechnology．IMOtrainingadvisersandconsultantsalsosubsequentlydeterminedfromtheirvisitstotrainingestablishmentsindevelopingcountriesthattheprovisionofmodelcoursescouldhelpinstructorsimprovethequalityoftheirexistingcoursesandenhancetheireffectivenessinmeetingtherequirementsoftheConventionandimplementingtheassociatedConferenceandIMOAssemblyresolutions．Inaddition，itwasappreciatedthatacomprehensivesetofshortmodelcoursesinvariousfieldsofmaritimetrainingwouldsupplementtheinstructionprovidedbymaritimeacademiesandallowadministratorsandtechnicalspecialistsalreadyemployedinmaritimeadministrations，portsandshippingcompaniestoimprovetheirknowledgeandskillsincertainspecializedfields．IMOhasthereforedevelopedthecurrentseriesofmodelcoursesinresponsetothesegenerallyidentifiedneedsandwiththegenerousassistanceofNorway．ThesemodelcoursesmaybeusedbyanytraininginstitutionandtheOrganizationispreparedtoassistdevelopingcountriesinimplementinganycoursewhentherequisitefinancingisavailable．W．A．O’NEILSecretary-GeneralCONTENTSPageForewordvIntroduction1PartA：CourseFramework4PartB：Course0utlineandTimetable7PartC：DetailedTeachingSyllabus11PartD：InstructorManual23Attachment：GuidanceontheimplementationofIMOmodelcoursesIntroduction■PurposeofthemodelcoursesThepurposeoftheIMOmodelcoursesistoassistmaritimetraininginstitutesandtheirteachingstaffinorganizingandintroducingnewtrainingcourses，orinenhancing，updatingorsupplementingexistingtrainingmaterialwherethequalityandeffectivenessofthetrainingcoursesmaytherebybeimproved．Itisnottheintentionofthemodelcourseprogrammetopresentinstructorswitharigid“teachingpackage”whichtheyareexpectedtofollowblindly．Norisittheintentiontosubstituteaudiovisualor“programmed”materialfortheinstructor'spresence．Asinalltrainingendeavours，theknowledge，skillsanddedicationoftheinstructorarethekeycomponentsinthetransferofknowledgeandskillstothosebeingtrainedthroughIMOmodelcoursematerial．Becauseeducationalsystemsandtheculturalbackgroundsoftraineesinmaritimesubjectsvaryconsiderablyfromcountrytocountry,themodelcoursematerialhasbeendesignedtoidentifythebasicentryrequirementsandtraineetargetgroupforeachcourseinuniversallyapplicableterms，andtospecifycleadythetechnicalcontentandlevelsofknowledgeandskillnecessarytomeetthetechnicalintentofIMOconventionsandrelatedrecommendations．■UseofthemodelcourseTousethemodelcoursethelnstructorshouldreviewthecourseplananddetailedsyllabus，takingintoaccounttheinformationprovidedundertheentrystandardsspecifiedinthecourseframework．Theactuallevelofknowledgeandskillsandpriortechnicaleducationofthetraineesshouldbekeptinmindduringthisreview，andanyareaswithinthedetailedsyllabuswhichmaycausedifficultiesbecauseofdifferencesbetweentheactualtraineeentrylevelandthatassumedbythecoursedesignershouldbeidentified．Tocompensateforsuchdifferences，theinstructorisexpectedtodeletefromthecourse，orreducetheemphasison，itemsdealingwithknowledgeorskillsalreadyattainedbythetrainees．Heshouldalsoidentifyanyacademicknowledge，skillsortechnicaltrainingwhichtheymaynothaveacquired．Byanalysingthedetailedsyllabusandtheacademicknowledgerequiredtoallowtraininginthetechnicalareatoproceed，theinstructorcandesignanappropriatepre-entrycourseor，alternatively，inserttheelementsofacademicknowledgerequiredtosupportthetechnicaltrainingelementsconcernedatappropriatepointswithinthetechnicalcourse．Adjustmentofthecourseobjectives，scopeandcontentmayalsobenecessaryifinyourmaritimeindustrythetraineescompletingthecoursearetoundertakedutieswhichdifferfromthecourseobjecti