阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧

阅读理解能力提高技巧猜测词义高三英语组（2014湖南卷阅读B）Inthemid-1950s,Iwasasomewhatboredearly-adolescentmalestudentwhobelievedthatdoinganymorethannecessarywaswastedeffort.Oneday,thisapproachthrewmeintoembarrassment.InMrs.Totten’seighth-grademathclassatCentralAvenueSchoolinAnderson,Indiana,wewerelearningtoaddandsubtractdecimals(小数).61.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph1indicate?A.Itiswisetovalueone’stime.B.ItisimportanttomakeaneffortC.Itisrighttosticktoone’sbelief.DItisenoughtodothenecessary.Lead-in(导入)（2015全国卷阅读C）Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作）withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.31.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.BProjectsC.DonationsD.Documents词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1._______________：一般通过_____________________________来确定词义。(adj.易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.(n.牧羊人)Definition定义法定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）Amosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.(n.蚊子)特别注意下列信号词：●be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折号)等.Ex.1◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.木匠动物学家脊椎动物“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.A.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat2.____________：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。Contrast对比法◎Cyclingwasonceameansoftransportforthepoor.Butithasbecomeanimportantmarkerofanaffluentworldcity.65.Theunderlinedword“affluent”inthelastparagraphprobablymeans________.AbeautifulB.famousC.bigD.wealthy表示对比的信号词有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。1.ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.2.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污秽的节约的Exercise23.Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.4.Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.5.Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混乱无辜的天生的6.Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.7.Sheisusuallypromptforallherclasses,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.A.ontimeB.lateC.slowlyD.quicklyA(v.不同意)3.____________：利用______、___________或相似的结构猜测词义。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormoustask.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.巨大的;极大的)Similarity相似法同义词近义词（词组）当被猜的词前后有信号词:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。Thenewtaxlawsupersedes,orreplaces,thelawthatwasineffectlastyear.Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplumpasmother,andmuchshorter.代替圆胖的,4_________________：从____推测_____，从_____推测______。Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.(adj.贫穷的,穷困的)(adj.大的).CauseEffect因果法原因原因结果结果因果关系信号词:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.弹性的混浊的Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecoloursturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.(04广东高考题）65.Theunderlinedpart“thecoloursturnedthecustomersoff”(inpara.3)meansthatthecolours_______A.attractedthecustomersstronglyB.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersC.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingD.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestD5._____________：利用文中的举例猜测词义。常见的举例的信号词有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等1.Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.电器用具)Example例举法2.Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽装置supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(发错音)WordFormation构词法：6.___________________英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超)mini-(极小的,微小的)micro-（极微小的）re-（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，无）-wards(向)TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedS