被动语态

被动语态一、定义：动词的语态表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。Weswept（v.打扫，sweep的过去式和过去分词）thefloor.我们打扫了地板。→Thefloorwassweptbyus.地板被我们打扫过了。Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.二、被动语态的构成：主语+助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+（by+宾语）其中，by意为“被……；由……”，表动作的执行者，在不知道或不强调动作的执行者时，“by+宾语”可以省略。Theglassisbrokenbythatboy.玻璃杯是那个男孩打破的。（→主动句：Thatboybroketheglass.）be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。C-被动语态Englishiswidelyspokenaroundtheworld（在全世界；在世界各地）.（肯定式）Englishisnotwidelyspokenaroundtheworld.（否定式）IsEnglishwidelyspokenaroundtheworld?（疑问式）Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.Peoplegrowriceinthesouth.Riceisgrown(bypeople)inthesouth.三、被动语态的用法：1.在没有指明动作的执行者或者不知道动作执行者的情况下，可用被动语态。Thiscoatismadeofcotton.这件大衣是棉制的。【高考真题】Visitors____nottotouchtheexhibits（n.展览，陈列;展览品）.(NMET2001)A.willrequest（要求；请求）B.requestC.arerequestingD.arerequested2.没有必要或不想指出谁是动作的执行者时，用被动语态。Doyouknowwhenthebuildingwasbuilt?你知道这个建筑物是什么时候被建造的吗？3.要强调或突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。Herbikeisstolen.她的自行车被偷了。4.说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态He’ssaid/reportedtobeintheU.S.A.据说/据报道他在美国。5.在常用句型中（that后面跟句子）：Itisreportedthat…….据报道Itissaidthat…….据说Itishopedthat…….希望Itisannouncedthat…….据宣布Itisbelievedthat…….人们相信Itis(well)knownthat…….众所周知Ithasbeendecidedthat…….已经决定Itissuggestedthat…….有人建议Itissupposed（suppose[səˈpəʊz]vt.认为;假定;猜想，推测）that…….人们认为四、被动语态的判断在做题过程中，判断是否使用被动语态，可参考以下四条：1.句中含有bysb时，例如：Thewindows__________(break)bythoseboys.本句中含有bythoseboys，因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是：werebroken。2.句中含有withsth时，例如：Theground__________(cover)withthicksnow.本句中含有withthicksnow，因此可以判断使用被动语态。答案是：iscovered。3.主语后的及物动词缺少宾语时，例如：I__________(tell)tocomeatonce.tell的句型是tellsbtodosth。但是本句中tell的后面缺少宾语，说明主语I是动词tell的动作对象，因此tell要用被动语态。答案是：wastold。【真题演练】Soitwasagreathonortobeinvitedbackstage（adv.后台;秘密地;背地里;在幕后;）atthenot-for-profitPandaBase,whereticketmoneyhelpspayfor（payfor赔偿；为…付钱）research,I(allow)togetupclose（getupclose接近）tothesecute（可爱的）animalsatthe600-acre（英亩）centre.改错Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesandhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.4.主语和谓语动词在逻辑上有动宾关系时，例如：English__________(teach)inmiddleschools.本句中既没有bysb，也没有withsth，这时，就要分析句子的主语和谓语动词之间是否存在逻辑上的动宾关系。English不可能发出teach的动作，只能是teach动作的对象，它们之间存在着动宾关系，因此，要用被动语态。答案是：istaught。【例1】（2010湖南）Thiscoastal（沿海的）area_________anationalwildlifereserve（n.保留;保护区）lastyear.A.wasnamed（命名；列名为）B.namedC.isnamedD.names解析：本题考查动词时态和语态，依据时间状语lastyear，则应用一般过去时，又由于主语与谓语动词之间存在着被动关心，故选A项。句意：去年，这片沿海地区被列为国家野生动植物保护区。答案：A【例2】（2010全国Ⅱ）Lindamakessurethetables_________beforetheguestsarrive.A.beset（set的过去式、过去分词，设置;放置）B.setC.aresetD.aresetting解析：本题考查动词set的用法和被动语态：setthetable摆餐具，摆放桌子；tables作主语，与动词set之间存在着被动关系；同时makesure后接省略that的宾语从句。句意：琳达在客人到来之前，要确保摆放好桌子。答案：C将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词：能力提升1.Wecanfinishtheworkintwodays.Thework__________________________intwodays.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk__________________inSuzhou.3.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.AnEnglishsong_________________________bythechildren.4.Theyuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives__________________forcuttingthings.5.LucysentmeaNewYearCardlastweek.ANewYearCard__________________________mebyherlastweek.6.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Metal__________________formakingmachines.7.Hemademedothatforhim.I__________________________________thatforhim.将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词1.MoreandmorefarmersbuycolourTVsets.ColourTVsets_____________________________moreandmorefarmers.2.Mybrotheroftenmendshiswatch.Hiswatch_____________________________bymybrother.3.Wemustwatertheflowerseveryday.Theflowersmust_________________(byus)everyday.4.Ihavegiventhisbooktothelibrary.Thisbook_______________________tothelibrary.5.Didtheybuildabridgehereayearago?________abridge_________herebythemayearago?6.We'llputonanEnglishplayinourschool.AnEnglishplay______________________________oninourschool.单选【2013湖南卷】26．Ifnothing________，theoceanswillturnintofishdeserts.A．doesB．hadbeendoneC．willdoD．isdoneD。考查动词时态语态——一般现在时的被动语态。解题思路：根据“主将从现”原则,if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，排除B、C；nothing做主语，和do构成动宾关系，排除A，选择D。【句意】如果不采取措施，海洋将成为鱼类的沙漠（海洋鱼类资源面临枯竭）。—Claudia,areyougoingtoJeff’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday?—UnlessI______.A.willbeinvitedB.aminvitedC.wasinvitingD.Invited【2012天津卷】Thelettersfortheboss___________onhisdeskbuthedidn’treadthemuntilthreelater.A.wereputB.wasputC.putD.hasput2.It’llbeagreathonourifI________tothecharityeveningpartynextweek.A)inviteB)willinviteC)willbeinvitedD)aminvited3.Itwillbeour“OpenDay”tomorrow,soourschool________bymanyparents.A)hasbeenvisitedB)isvisitedC)wasvisitedD)willbevisited4.Teenagersunder19yearsold________tovisitthiswebsiteaccordingtotheruleslastyear.A.weren’tallowedB.weren’tallowingC.won’tbeallowedD.haven’tbeenallowed5.Thatancienttowerispartofourcity’shistory.It________manyyearsago.A)buildsB)builtC)wasbuiltD)isbuilt6.Manytrees________downeveryyear,sowearelosingourwarmhome,theEarth.A)arecutB)arecuttingC)cutD)havecut7.LeiFeng________forhiswarmheartandkinddeeds.Weshouldlearnfromhim.A)knowsB)isknownC)wasknownD)hasknown8.ABRT(BusRapidTransit快速公交系统)________inFengxianDistrictinthenearfuture.ItwilltakepeoplelesstimetogotothecenterofShanghai.A)willbuildB)willbebuiltC)buildsD)wasbuilt