跨文化交际Terms-Questions-and-case答案

跨文化交际Terms1.Interculturalcommunication（跨文化交际）Itreferstocommunicationthattakesplacebetweenpeopleofdifferentculturebackgrounds,whosecultureperceptionsandsymbolsystemsaredistinctenoughtoalterthecommunicationevents.2.Culture(frominterculturalcommunicationperspective)Itisasystemofsharedbeliefs,values,customs,behaviors,andartifactsthatthemembersofasocietyusetocopewiththeirworldandwithoneanother,andthataretransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationthroughlearning.3.Highcontext（高语境）HighContextCultureCulturesinwhichlesshastobesaidorwrittenbecausemoreofthemeaningisinthephysicalenvironmentoralreadysharedbypeople(ortheonesinwhichmostofinformationisalreadyintheperson,whileverylittleisinthecoded,explicitlytransmittedpartofthemessage),arelabeledhigh-contextculture.4.Stereotype（文化定势）Itreferstonegativeorpositivejudgmentsmadeaboutindividualsbasedonanyobservableorbelievedgroupmembership.5.Taboo（禁忌语）Itreferstoprohibitionofasetofbehaviorsthatshouldbeavoidedbecausetheyareoftenoffensiveandimpolite.6.Nonverbalcommunication(fromnarrowperspective)（非言语交际）Itreferstointentionaluseofnonspokensymbolstocommunicateaspecificmessageorthemessagessentwithoutusingwords.7.Chronemics（时间行为）Itisthestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.Ourunderstandingoftimefallsunderaclassofnonverbalcommunicationcalledchonemics.8.Cultureshock（文化休克）Itreferstothetraumaticexperiencethatanindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.9.Prejudice（文化偏见）Itreferstotheirrational(非理性的)dislike,suspicion,orhatredofaparticulargroup,race,religion,orsexualorientation.10.Euphemism（委婉语）Itistaboo’slinguisticcounterpartbecauseitsubstitutestheoffensiveanddisturbingvocabulary.11.CompetentCommunicationItisinteractionthatisperceivedaseffectiveinfulfillingcertainrewardingobjectivesandisalsoappropriatetothecontextinwhichtheinteractionoccurs.Questions1.WriteyouropinionsabouthowyourcurrenteducationalsettingembodiesChineseculturevalues?2.Summarizethestagesofinterculturaladaptationinyourownwords.（1）U-curvePatternHoneymoonPeriod：CrisisPeriod：AdjustmentPeriod：BiculturalismPeriod：（2）W-curvePatternDescribetheprocessofreversecultureshock.3.Summarizethecategoriesofnonverbalcommunicationandexplainwhattheyarebriefly.（1）Paralanguage：isthesetofaudiblesoundsthataccompanyorallanguagetoaugmentitsmeaning.（2）Silence：isaformofnonverbalcommunicationthatmaybeinterpretedinvariouswaysdependinguponthesituation,thedurationofthesilence,andtheculture.（3）Chronemics：isthestudyofhowpeopleperceiveandusetime.（4）Proxemics：referstotheperceptionanduseofspace,includingterritoriality(领地感)andpersonalspace.（5）others：Oculesics、Olfactics、Haptics、Kinesics、Chromatics、Attire4.Givecolorsasexamplesandtrytofindoutthedifferentinterpretationofthesamecolorsindifferentcultures.5.Languagecanbeabigbarrierintheinterculturalcommunication.Trysomeexamplestoshowhowlanguagecanbeaproblemintheinterculturalcommunicationandexplainthereasons.（1）LackofVocabularyEquivalence（2）LackofIdiomaticEquivalence（3）LackofGrammatical-SyntacticalEquivalence（4）LackofExperientialEquivalence：Thanksgiving文化大革命（5）LackofConceptualEquivalenceLanguageisthereflectionofculture、valuesandtheenvironment.6.Summarizethestrategiesyouhavelearnedonhowtoavoidcultureshockandengagedininterculturaladaptation.（1）Studythehostculture（2）Studythelocalenvironment（3）Learnbasicverbalandnonverballanguageskills（4）Developinterculturalrelationships（5）Maintainanintimatesocialnetwork（6）Assumetheprincipleofdifference/Rememberyourperceptualcontext（7）AnticipatefailureeventsCase-analysis:1、Coconut-skating（4）Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture----cultureislearnedandpervasive.Welearnourcultureinourearlylifethroughtheprocessofsocialization.Culturepenetratesintoeveryaspectofourlifeandinfluencethewaywethinkandbehave.ThePhilippinewomenmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromtheirownculture.Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormopping.2、WhyDon’tYouEatThePizza?（12）Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunication.Culturecangreatlyinfluencepeople’sbelief,value,normandsocialpractice.Ignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunicationandcauseproblems.InMalaysia,wheremostpeopleareMuslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlyforcleaningthebodyandthusitisdirtyandcannotbeusedtopassfood.Knowingnothingabouttheculturaldifference,theAmericanstudentputshimselfinanembarrassingsituation.3、DifferentResponsestoNoise（16）Thiscasecanreflectdifferentculturecangivedifferentinfluencesonhumansensationandperception.Notwoofpeoplecanassumethattheirsensationsandperceptionsarethesame,especiallywhentheycomefromdifferentcultures.Differentsocialrealityandlivingconditionscanequipthemwithdifferentwaytosenseandperceivetheworld.Inthiscase,theGermanprofessorandJapaneseprofessorhaveverydifferentresponsetothenoiseproducedbythesamemotorfortheheatingsystembecauseoftheirculturesandlivinghabits.4、Whoisthemostbeautifulwoman?（19）Thiscasereflectsthatpeoplefromdifferentcultureshaveinterpretethesamesentence“Whoisthemostbeautifulwomanatthereception?”differently.Fredisfromwesterncultureandhisunderstandingofabeautifulwoma