初中英语定语从句课件(一)

TheAttributiveClause(定语从句）定义：在复合句中，修饰前面某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。结构：先行词+关系词+句子关系词关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词:when,where,why先行词也叫被修饰词，由名词和代词来充当。如果先行词是表示物的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、which.(作主语或宾语)先行词与关系词如果先行词是表示人的名词或代词，关系代词应用that、who.(作主语或宾语)whom(作宾语)关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whoseThemanlivesnexttous.Themanwhoisapoliceman.Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.Icookedthenoodles.Thenoodlesweredelicious.ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredelicious.Whoisthemanthatisreadingthebookoverthere?Whoistheman?Themanisreadingthebookoverthere.Thesilksellswell.ThesilkisproducedinHangzhouThesilkwhichisproducedinHangzhousellswell.Isthisbookthatyourfatherboughtforyou?Isthisbooktheonethatyourfatherboughtforyou?Isthisthebookthatyourfatherboughtforyou?whose作定语,表示所属关系。Theboyismyclassmate.Theboy’sfatherisateacher.Theboywhosefatherisateacherismyclassmate.关系副词:when,where,whywhen作时间状语:Shewillneverforgettheday.Shewasmarriedonthatday.Shewillneverforgetthedaywhen(=onwhich)shewasmarried.Itwastheyear.TheWorldWarIbrokeoutintheyear.Itwastheyearwhen(=inwhich)theWorldWarIbrokeout.When=介词+whichwhere作地点状语Iwanttoknowtheplace.Iwasbornthere.Iwanttoknowtheplacewhere(=inwhich)Iwasborn.Thetablewhere(=atwhich)sheissittingisanewone.where=介词+whichThisisadream.Thedreamwillnevercometrue.Thisisadreamwhich/thatnevercometrue.Thedoghasbeenfound.Thedogwaslost.Thedogwhichwaslosthasbeenfound.Practise:1.Thisisthehousewhichisforsale.2.Thebookwhichislyingonthefloorismine.which/that作主语.(不能省)（作主语）which/that作宾语：（可省略）Thisisthecard.I’vejustreceivedthecard.Thisisthecardwhich/thatI’vejustreceived.Practise:1.Thisisthemistakewhich/thatIalwaysmake.2.Istillkeeptheletterswhichshewrotetome.3.Ilostthepenwhichmyfatherboughtme.()（作宾语）who/that作主语.(不能省)Thisisthefilmstar.ThefilmstarisverypopularinChina.ThisisthefilmstarwhoisverypopularinChina.(作主语)1.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledRoy.2.Doyouknowthemanwhospokeatthemeetingyesterday?3.Thegirlwhoiswateringtheflowersismycousin./thatwho/whom/that作宾语：(可省略)Themanisafamouswriter.Hedescribedthemanjustnow.Theman(who/whom/that)hedescribedjustnowisafamouswriter.(作宾语）1.Theboywho(m)I‘mlookingforismyfriend.2.Thethiefhasbeensenttoprison.Thepolicecaughtthethieflastnight.Thethiefwhomthepolicecaughtlastnighthasbeensenttoprison.小结：•that－既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略。•which－指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.•who－指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略,（常用whom）注:当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。ThegirlinahatisLucy.=Thegirlwho/thatisinahatisLucy.Thecupfilledwithwaterwasputonthetable.=Thecupthat/whichwasfilledwithwaterwasputonthetable.介词短语作后置定语与定语从句的互换：____________________________________________Sheisoneofthosewomenwhohavecars.定语从句的同意句转换:1.TheteacherwhowearsapairofglassesisMissWang.=TheteacherwearingapairofglassesisMissWang.2.ThemachinethatismadeinChinaisdear.=ThemachinemadeinChinaisdear.3.Thenovelthatiswrittenbyhimsellswell.=Thenovelwrittenbyhimsellswell.4.Thedinosaurs(which)werediscoveredbythemareonshow.=Thedinosaursdiscoveredbythemare…..有时只能用that,不用which,常见的情况有六种：1.当先行词是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone或被它们修饰时。That’sallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.当先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame等修饰时。That’stheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句的关系词用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?5.先行词同时包括人或物时，关系词用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.6.当关系代词在从句中作表语时。Chinaisnotthecountrythatitwas.只用which,不用that的情况：1.关系代词前有介词时。Thisisthecagethat/whichPollylivesin.=ThisisthecageinwhichPollylives.inthat()=ThisisthecagewherePollylives.2.先行词本身为that.Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.3.在非限制性定语从句中。HisEnglish,whichusedtobepoor,isexellentnow.Herbag,in________sheputallhermoney,hasbeenstolen.Thisistheringon________shespent1000dollars.XiaoWang,with________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyitverymuch.whichwhichwhom/who在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom。不用that，而用which，who，whom的情况Hemadethesamemistakesagain,_____madehisparentsveryangry.YesterdayIboughtadictionary,_______costmemorethan100yuan.MrSmith,_______gaveatalkseveralmonthsago,willcomeagain.Myunclehascomebackfromabroad,________Ihaven’tmetforalongtime.whichwhichwhowhom在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom。Thereare20studentsinthisclass,______aredifferent.A.whosebackgroundsB.thebackgroundsofwhomC.ofwhomthebackgroundsD.thebackgroundsofwhosewhy作原因状语,其先行词常常是thereason.Thatisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)I’mlate.Iknowthereasonwhyhesaidit.why=forwhichExercises:1.Theradioset_____hasgonewrong.A.IboughtitlastweekB.IboughtlastweekC.whichIboughtitlastweekD.whatIboughtlastweek2.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastweek.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allBD3.Thisisthebiggestlab_____wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./4.IsOxygen(氧气）theonlygas_____helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it5.Achild_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan(孤儿).A.whoB.whoseC.who’sD.whichABD6.Thehouse____wesawatthefootofthehillwasbuiltacenturyago.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich7.Isthat