天主教英文简介1

TheRomanCatholicChurchTheoriginofCatholicIn1962SecondVaticanCouncilwasheldinVaticanCityIn1929ThesovereigntyofVaticanCitywasadmittedIn1809NapoleoncombinedPapalStatesandFranceInthe18thcenturyReligiousrightisdeclineInthe16thcenturyReligiousreforminWesternEuropeAD313EdictofMilanInthe11thcenturyChristianfactionsplitintotheEast-WestSchismAnOverviewoftheRomanCatholicChurch•TheRomanCatholicChurchisthelargestofallChristainchurchesintheworld.Ithasabout1billionmembers.•MostCatholicsarelivinginEurope,NorthAmericaandSouthAmerica.天主教又称罗马公教，因为catholic本意是“普世的、大公的”。Vatican-ThecenterofCatholicVaticancityistheofficialseatofthecatholicchurch，anditshead，thepope，rulesthroughacivilgovernor.Aswithanyothercountry，thisminiaturecountrysportsitsownflag，coinsitsowncoins，runsitsownpostal，transportation，telephonesystems，andradiobroadcastingstation.TheChurchofVaticanThesymbolofCatholic•Cross•TheRomanCatholicChurchhasplayedanimportantroleinworldhistory.ItrosetobeagreatpoliticalforceintheRomanEmpireanddominatedWesternEuropethroughouttheMiddleAgesCatholicBeliefs•First,Godthefathercreatestheworld.•CatholicsbelieveinTrinity,thedoctrinethattherearethreepersonsinoneGod–theFather,theSonandtheHolySpirit.2,theSonbecamehuman,whoisChrist,andthespiritmakesholy.Adam,thefirstman,committedasinbydisobeyingGod,soeverypersonisbornintoAdam’ssin,whichiscalledtheoriginalsin.TheGodsenthissontosavehumanityfromallsin–theoriginalsinpeopleinheritaswellasthesinstheythemselvescommitduringtheirlifetimebydeliberatelyturingfromGod.•3,TheSonofGodwasbornintotheworldandbecameJesusChrist.HismotherwastheVirginMary.•4,TheRomanofficialscrucifiedJesusasacriminal.•5,Jesuscamebacktolifeafterhisdeath.•6,JesusrosetoHeaven.•7,ThefinalJudgmentDay•8TheHolySpirit（天主圣神）•9.圣而公教会诸圣相通功•无主教认为，教会是耶稣基督亲自创立，由相信耶稣的道理、服从耶稣的人结成的团体。教会中的人能够彼此相通功，若教会中的一个成员行了善功，即做了善事，其他成员也有份。犯了大罪的人，在教会中就不能全相通功，若向神父忏悔了，还能全相通功。•10,Penance,alsocalledconfession.赦罪•11,Whentheworldhasended,allsoulswillreunitedwiththeirbodiesandaccepttheFinalJudgment.•12,HeavenistheplaceofcompletehappinessandperfectrestwhereGod,theanglesandthespiritsofgoodpeopleliveafterdeath.ThesevensacramentsoftheRomanCatholicChurch•Asacramentisareligiousceremony,begunbyJesuswhilehewasonearth,forthepurposeofgivinggracetothepersonreceivingthesacrament.•ThenumberofsacramentsintheRomanCatholicChurchhasbeenfixedatseven.Theyare(1)Baptism,(2)Confirmation,(3Eucharist•(4)Penance,(5)Holyorders,(6)Marriage,(7)Anointingofthesick.洗礼、坚振、圣餐、告解、神品、婚配、终傅