SAT语法最全总结剖析

Run-onsentence•定义•特征•解决方法Run-onsentencedefinition•Arun-onsentenceisasentenceinwhichtwoormoreindenpendentclauses(thatis,completesentence)arejoinedwithnopunctuationorconjuction.Run-onsentence•CommafaultTomputalightedmatchonthepaper,itstartedtoburn.•FusedsentenceTomputalightedmatchonthepaperthenitstartedtoburn.解决方法1.逗号-------句号Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper.Itstartedtoburn.•2.逗号+并列连词（and,but,or...）•Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper,anditstartedtoburn.•3.逗号-----分号•Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper；itstartedtoburn.•4.分号+连接副词（therefore,thus,however,furthermore...）•Tomputalightedmatchonthepaper;therefore,itstartedtoburn.•5.单句改复句•whenTomputalightedmatchonthepaper,itstartedtoburn.副词•表示行为或状态的特征•时间副词，地点副词，频率副词，方式副词，程度副词，连接副词，关系副词，疑问副词连接副词-SAT官方指南alsoinotherwordsthereforeforinstanceforexamplehoweverassuchmoreoverinbroadtermsfurthermoresubsequently•incontrast•nevertheless•thus•consequently•previously•similarly•hence•likewise•inaddition•alternatively•finally语义归类•增补：also,forinstance,forexample,assuch,moreover,inbroadterms,furthermore,likewise,inaddition,similarly•转折：inotherwords,however,incontrast,nevertheless,alternatively•原因：therefore,subsequently,consequently,thus,hence•时间：previously,finally连词---并列连词，从属连词•用来引导名词性从句和状语从句•从属连词所引导的句子是从句•含有从句的句子叫复合句•after,although,asbecause,before,if,when,until,whether,while,that,unless,since连接副词•用法1：位置，可前，可后，可中•Itwasraining.Thereforeweremainedathome.•Itwasraining.Therefore,weremainedathome.•Itwasraining;thereforeweremainedathome.•Itwasraining;therefore,weremainedathome.•Itwasraining;we,therefore,remainedathome.•Itwasraining;weremainedathome,therefore.•用法2：部分连接副词可与部分并列连词共存•youcanstayathome,andor,youcangoforawalk.•hedidn'tseeme,andbutIsawhim.•Itisstrange,andyetitisture.•Thenewcarissmallandthereforecheaper.•Therainwasheavyandconsequentlythelandwasflooded.非谓语动词•非谓语动词的本质•非谓语动词的分类•非谓语动词的语法功能•不定时•ing分词（动名词和现在分词）•过去分词非谓语的本质•不做谓语的动词•workathomecanimproveourefficient.•workingathomecanimproveourefficient.分类•不定时todo(to)do•动名词doing•分词doingdone语法功能主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语不定式√×√√√√√动名词√×√√×××现在分词×××√√√√过去分词×××√√√√新SAT语法之平行结构•平行结构基本要求•平行结构中的连词和标点符号•比较结构•真题中国诗和西洋诗登池上楼谢灵运潜虬媚幽姿，飞鸿响远音。薄霄愧云浮，栖川怍渊沉。ARed,RedRoseRobertBurns•O,myloveislikeared,redrose,•That'snewlyspringinjune.•O,myloveislikethemelody,•That'ssweetlyplayedintune.平行结构的美学价值中国建筑西洋建筑•AllnightlonghecanhearNaturebreathingdeeplyandfreely.-------R.L.Stevenson,Travelswithadonkey他彻夜都能听见大自然深沉而自由的呼吸.•Youcanfoolallthepeoplesomeofthetime,andsomeofthepeopleallthetime,butyoucannotfoolallthepeopleallthetime.------AbrahamLincoln•Toraiseahappy,healthy,andHopefulchild,ittakesafamily;ittakesteachers;ittakesclergy;ittakesbusinesspeople;ittakescommunityleader.Ittakesthosewhoprotectourhealthandsafety.Ittakesallofus.•----HillaryClinton,1996,NationalDemocraticConventionAddress•whatweneedintheUnitedStatesisnotdivision.WhatweneedintheUnitedisnothatred.WhatweneedintheUnitedStatesisnotviolenceandlawlessness,butisloveandwisdomandcompassiontowardoneanother,andafeelingofjusticetowardthosewhostillsufferwithinourcountry•---RobertF.Kennedy,announcingthedeathofMartinLutherKing.•NotthatIlovedCaesarless,butthatIlovedRomemore.Shakespeare考什么？•词性•时态，语态•非谓语动词形式平行结构词的对应短语的对应句子的对应本质平行结构•在诗歌或散文中，在语法结构，发音，韵律和意义等方面连续运用相似的语言结构.•AandB•AorB•bothAandB•notOnlyAbutalsoB•eitherAorB•neitherAnorB•notAbutB•morethan简洁性:历届真题中，正确答案为最短或次短选项的几率占到总试题的80%以上。Brevityisavirtue.SAT的简洁性原则大致可表现为以下几个方面1.能用一个词或词组表达的绝对不要用一个从句或句子表达•使用一个完整句子来表达一个信息，一定比一个词或词组要长，这不符合SAT的简洁性原则。•例：Theeditorischeckingthemanuscripttoseeifitisaccurate.Theeditorischecckingthemanuscriptforitsaccuracy.•例：IlovethecitywhichislocatedinthewestofCanada.IlovethecitylocatedinthewestofCanada.•例：IwenttothepostofficesothatIcouldmailaletter.Iwenttothepostofficetomailaletter.P.S.•中文的表达习惯是使用从句，很多同学把中文转换为英文时，难免会受到中文的影响，在英文里也使用从句，这也是Chinglish的一个特色。•请翻译：“当你走到第二个红绿灯时，请向右转。”Sample:Whenyouwalktothesecondtrafficlight,turnright.Turnrightatthesecondtrafficlight.2.用“because从句”表达原因•表达比较复杂的原因时，SAT倾向于用“because从句”，任何其他表达无效。例：IloveMarybecauseshehashelpedmealot.上句是SAT喜欢的表达方式。但在SAT的迷惑选项中，往往会出现下列形式：IloveMaryduetothefactthatshehashelpedmealot.IloveMaryonaccountofherhavinghelpedmealot.3.许多定语从句可以用一个形容词来表达•在普通语法中，下列句子的定语从句使用不仅正确，还能起到强调的修辞效果，但在SAT看来都是不简洁的表达。Maryisagirlwhoisverypretty.Tomisamanwhoisveryold.Itisabookthatisveryinteresting.Maryisaveryprettygirl.Tomisaveryoldman.Itisaveryinterestingbook.4.句意不要重复•AisequallyasimportantasB.•AisasimportantasB.•Thecurrenteffortssheismakingnowwillpayoff.•Theeffortssheismakingnowwillpayoff.名词性从句-主语从句•Itis+名词+that从句•Itisafactthat...•Itisanhonorthat...•Itisacommonbeliefthat...•Itisashamethat...•Itisanunavoidabletaskthatyounggenerationaconserveandpromotetheirnationalhistorialandcultureheritage.主语从句•Itis+形容词+that从句•Itisobviousthat...•Itisimperativethat...•Itisridiculousthat...•Itisdesirablethat...•Itisimperativeandappropriatethatthegovernmentcomplements,assistsandaddsprogramsfortheadvancemntofarts.主语从句•Itis+过去分词+从句•Itisreportedthat...•Itisestimatedthat...•Itcannotbedeniedthat...•Itiscommonlybelievedthat...•ItmustbepointedoutthatEnglishglobalizationwill