宾语从句讲解-练习-答案

初中宾语从句练习宾语从句的用法一、主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态根椐主句中的谓语动词，决定从句动作发生主句前后关系，所用时态。Ithinkthatshewillfinishreadingthatbookintwodays我想她两天后看完那本书。二、主句是过去式时，从句必须用过去时的形式1．一般过去式HetoldmethatJimreturnedhisbooktohimlastSunday.他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还他了。2．过去进行时Shesaidshewaswritingtoherfriendatthistimeyesterday.她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。3．过去将来时Heaskedwhentheywouldleavethenextweek.他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。4．过去完成时Shesaidshehadknownhimsincetwoyearsago.她说她自从两年前就认识他。5．如从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时Shetoldustheearthmovesaroundthesun.她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。TheteachersaidJapanistheeastofChina.老师讲日本位于中国的东部。三、宾语从句三种形式1．陈述句，前用引导词that，但经常省略Ihear(that)hewillhelpyouwithyourFrench.我听说他将帮忙你的法语。Lilyknew(that)TomhadgonetoLondonbyair.莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了。2．从句是一般疑问时，前用if或whetherHeaskedifshelikedswimming.他问她是否喜欢游泳。HeaskedmewhetherMikecametoschoolbybikeoronfoot.他问我迈克骑自行车还是步行去学校。C．主句动词是由介词构成及SheaskedwhetherJimleftthemessageornotwhenheleft.她问当吉姆离开时是否留条没有。注：在下列几种情况下，只能用whether,不能用if:●当ornot紧随连词之后时。如：Idon'tknowwhetherornothewillcomeontime.我不知道他能否按时来。●从句用作介词宾语时。如：Iaminterestedinwhetherhejoinedthearmy.我对他是否入伍很感兴趣。●在带to的动词不定式前。如：Shedoesn'tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.她不知道是去看电影还是在家看电视。●当宾语从句移至句首表强调时。如：Whetherthisistrueornot,I'mnotsure.这是否真实，我不敢肯定。3．从句是特殊疑问句A．特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。B．如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。Doyouknowwhathedidwiththatthing?他知道他怎样处理那件事的吗？Couldyoutellmewhocanlookafterher?你能告诉我谁能照顾她吗？注：A．主句是一般疑问，句尾用问号、用升调。B．主句不是一般疑问句，句尾用句号，用降调。四、“在be形容词glad,sorry,sure,surprised等”后跟that引导的从句。意思上看起来是宾语从句，实际上引导的是原因状语从句，说明主句的原因I’mgladthatyoucometoseeme.你来看我，我很高兴。I’msorrythateverythinghasn’tgoneverywell.很抱歉一切事情进行很不顺利。五、一般疑问句主要有think,believe,suppose,don’tyouknow这类词时。在句中主句的主谓结构是插入语，从句的疑问词是在主句前Whodoyouthinkislookingforyou?你认为谁正在找你呢？Whendon’tyouknowwe’llhavemeeting?你不知道我们什么时候开会吗？Whomdoyoubelieveshecancomewith?你相信她能和谁来呢？六、动词think,believe,suppose,expect等，否定时，到从句翻译，叫否定转移。Idon’tthinkshecanlendittotheothers,canshe?我想她不会把它借给其他人，是吗？Idon’tbelieveeveryonehasdonehishomework,havethey?我相信大家不没有做作业，是吗？注：转意否定时，反意疑问句看从句部分。焦点一：宾语从句的引导词1.宾语从句具有陈述意义时用that引导。that无具体意思，不作任何成分，因此在口语或非正式文体中常常被省略。如：Shesaid(that)shewouldleavethebookonhisdesk.她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。●从句的主语是that时，that不能省略；主从句之间有插入语时，that不能省略；若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个连词that可以省去，其余保留。如：Itsayshere,onthiscard,thatitwasusedinplays.卡片上写着，它过去是演戏用的。Myauntsaid(that)shewouldcomeandthatshewouldalsobringherdaughter.我姑姑说她要来，还要带她的女儿来。2.当宾语从句由一般疑问句变化而来时，用if或whether来引导从句，意为“是否”。如：Alicewantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmotherlikedthebag.艾丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。3.宾语从句具有特殊疑问含义时用连接代（副）词引导，它们在宾语从句中充当一定成分，因此不能省略。如：Didyouhearwhathesaid?你听见他说的话了吗？（作宾语）Idon'tknowwhosethatis.我不知道那是谁的。（作表语）CouldyoutellmehowIgettothepostoffice?你能告诉我到邮局怎么走吗？（作状语）焦点二：宾语从句的语序无论宾语从句的主句是陈述句还是疑问句，也无论主从句间是什么引导词，宾语从句一律用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其它”。如：Couldyoutellme?/WheredoesWeiFanglive?→CouldyoutellmewhereWeiFanglives?●当疑问代词who,what等在从句中作主语时，语序本来就是陈述语序，故语序不再变化。如：Whowillgiveusatalk?Pleasetellus.→Pleasetelluswhowillgiveusatalk.Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光比声音传播快。Hesaidtimeismoney.他说时间就是金钱。九年级英语Unit11语法题一.单项选择1.Hesaid________shewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.what2.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if3.A:Couldyoutellme________sheislookingfor?B:Hercousin,Susan.A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which4.Iwanttoknow________.A.whatishisnameB.what'shisnameC.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis5.Couldyoutellme________?A.whendidTomcomebackB.whendoesTomcomebackC.whenTomwillcomebackD.whenTomcomesback6.Mr.Kingdidn'tknow________yesterdayevening.A.whendoeshissoncomehomeB.whenhissoncomeshomeC.whendidhissoncomehomeD.whenhissoncamehome7.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25________ChristmasDay.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.which8.Iwonder________youwouldliketocometomybirthdayparty.A.thatB.whetherC.thatifD.thatwhether9.Doyouknow________duringthecomingholiday?A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdoC.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid10.Theteachertoldusthatlight________muchfasterthansound.A.travelsB.traveledC.wouldtravelD.hadtraveled11.Doyouknowif________backnextweek?Ifhe________back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.willhecome,willcome12.Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake13.Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen14.Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey___dictationtoday.A.hadB.has.C.willhaveD.are15.SheaskedLindaif__goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay16Lindasaidthemoon__roundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsD.hadtravelled17.Canyoutellme___youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that18.Idon'tknow___theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where19.Ihardlyunderstand.___hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who20.Shedidn'tknow___backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeD.ifhewillcome21.Heaskedme_____toldmetheaccidentAwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose22.Theydon'tknow_____theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich二、同义句转换1.Jimsaid:“Thefastestwaytotravelisbyplane.”Jimsaid_________thefastestwaytotravel_________byplane.2.Theteachersaidtous:“Springcomesafterwinter.”Theteacher_______