国际交流英语视听说听力原文-电子版B3U1

国际交流英语视听说Unit1GenderandSocietyBook3A|&B|OK,sotodaywe’regoingtocontinueonthetopicofhowchildrenaresocialized.We’llbelookingatgendersocialization—inotherwords,how,howchildrenlearntheirgenderroles.Genderissomethingthatwelearn—firstfromourparents,thenfromourpeers,fromschool,andfromtheculturewelivein.OK,let’sstartwithourparents.Generally,ourgenderrolesareprettycleartousbythetimewe’rearoundthreeyearsold.Sohowdowe,howdowelearntheserolessoquickly?Well,onewayissimplybywhatourparentssaytous.Parentsgivefemalechildrenalotofcomplimentsonhowtheylook—ontheirappearance,right?Wesaythingslike,“Whataprettygirl!”orTobecontinuedListening1“That’sanicedressyou’rewearing.”Girlsmightgetcomplimentsonotherthings,too,butthey,theysoonlearnthatbeingfemininehassomethingtodowithbeingattractiveorpretty,right?Boys,incontrast,arecomplimentedonwhattheydo.Wesaythingslike,“LookhowfastlittleTimmycanrun!Goodforyou,Timmy!”Soovertime,boyslearnthatbeing,beingmasculinehassomethingtodowiththeirbehaviourandwithbeingactive.Ourpeers,whenwe’rechildren—girlsandboysaroundthesameageasweare—alsoteachusaboutgenderroles,andsometimesthey’renotveryniceaboutthiseither.Theymakefunofchildrenwhoaren’tfollowingtherules.Canyourememberkidsfromyourchildhoodwhodidn’tfollowthegenderrules?Schoolscontinue,schoolsTobecontinuedListening1continuetheprocessofgendersocialization.Someschoolshaveseparateclassesforgirlsandboys,and,um,ofcourseschooluniformsaredifferent—pantsforboys,andskirtsordressesforgirls.Finally,thecultureweliveinhasalottoteachusaboutgenderroles.Listening1C|Asyouknow,oneofthefirstquestionswhenababyisbornis,“Isitaboyoragirl?”Wethinkit’simportanttoknowthisbecausewhenchildrengrowup,theirroleintheworlddependsontheirgender—atleasttosomedegree.Butnowadays,genderrolesarechanging,andbesides,therehavealwaysbeenafewpeoplewhoarenotaverage,whodonotfollowtheusualgenderpattern.OnepersonfromhistorywhodidnotfollowherusualgenderrolewasHatshepsut.Around150yearsbeforeTutankhamenruledancientEgyptaspharaoh,orking,Hatshepsutruledfor21yearsasthefemalekingofEgypt.That’sright—femaleking,becausetherewasnosuchthingasaqueenasleader.AfewwomenhadfilledtheroleTobecontinuedListening1ofleaderwhentheirsonsweretooyoungtorule,butHatshepsutstayedinpowerevenafterherstepson,TutmoseIII,wasoldenoughtorule.Andsheaccomplishedalotwhileshewasking!UpanddowntheNileRiverwecanstillseethemonumentsandbuildingsthatwereconstructedorrepairedwhileHatshepsutwasking.Itseemsthatshedidnotwanttobeforgotten.Besidesthebuildingsandmonuments,wehavealotofartfromthetimeofHatshepsut.Andwhat’sinterestingisthatatfirst,Hatshepsutisshownwithfemalecharacteristics—shewasclearlyawoman,butwiththeclothingandsymbolsofaking.Forexample,inonestatue,sheisseatedandhasthebodyofawomanbutiswearingtheheaddressofaking.Inlateryears,weseethereverse.Allofthelaterartworkshowsherasaman,withmalecharacteristics.We’renotTobecontinuedListening1surewhyHatshepsuthadherartistsdothis,butitmayhavehelpedhertokeeppower.ItmighthavebeeneasierforEgyptianstoacceptamanasking—oratleastsomeonewholookedlikeaman.Listening1Mia:Hey,Dylan!Longtime,nosee!Dylan:Yeah,it’sbeenages!Iwasgoneallsummer.Ihadajobworkingformyuncle,soIstayedwithhiminTorontofortwomonths.Whataboutyou,Mia?How’veyoubeen?Mia:Great!IjustspentthetimerightherebecauseIwastakingacourseinsummerschool.Iwanttograduateearly.Dylan:Wow,you’rereallyworkinghard!So,...Whatdoyouthinkaboutthisclasswe’rein?Mia:Oh,Ithinkit’sgoingtobegreat!It’ssuchaninterestingtopic—“GenderandSociology”.Dylan:Hmmph.Isuppose.IcanseethatProfessorHenleyisveryknowledgeableonthesubject.ButIcanalsoseethatIdisagreewithheraboutalotofthings.Mia:Suchas...?Listening2B|Dylan:Well,Ithinksomejobsjustaren’tgoodforwomenlikefirefightersforinstance.Mia:What?Youthinkwomenaren’tbraveenoughorsomething?Dylan:Hey,Ineversaidthat!But,well,theyaren’tasstrong—physically,Imean.Doyouthinkawomancouldcarrymeoutofaburningbuilding?Comeon,everyoneknowsmenarestrongerthanwomen.Mia:Ha!So,youthinkyou’restrongerthanthefemaleathletesintheOlympics,justbecauseyou’reaman?Dylan:Well,no,ofcoursenot...Mia:Thenyoucan’tsaythatallmenarestrongerthanallwomen.Here,letmedrawyouagraph...Listening2TobecontinuedDylan:What’sthat?Mia:It’sfrommysummerschoolclass.Wehadtodosomeresearchongenderdifferences,andsimilarities.OK...now...lookatthis...Thislinehereshowshowitlooksifyoumakeagraphofhowstrongwomenare,byhowmuchweighttheycanlift.Here.Asmallwomancan’tliftmorethan20pounds.Andawomanathletecanlift200pounds.Right?Dylan:Idon’tknow,Iguessso.Mia:Now,whataboutmen?Canallmenlift200pounds?Dylan:Well,no,probablynot.Mia:Canyoulift200pounds?Hmmm?Dylan:(laughter)Listening2TobecontinuedMia:So,maybeareallysmallmancanonlylift,oh,50pounds.Andareallybigmancanlift200,sonotallmenareequalintermsofphysicalstrengtheither...Therearedifferentlevelsofstrengthwithinthegenders,too...So,thelineformenlookslikethis...DoyouseewhatImean?Infact,it’struethatmostmenarestrongerthanmostwomen...sothereisagendergapwhenitcomestophysicalstrength.Butyoucan’tconcludethatallmenarestrongerthanallwomen.Andifyouhavetolift,say,150pounds