专四听写中常用标点符号的用法

听写中常用的标点符号的用法1.逗号1）用在并列连词连接的两个并列词句之间，连词可说出，也可省略。Eg.Icanreadlight,serious,amusing,orprofoundworksofEnglishauthors.(词)Youcanmeethimatchurch,atschool,oronthestreet.（短语）Hewastired,sohetookarest.（并列分句）•2）如果两个相似结构共有一个宾语，逗号需要用在第二个结构前后。Eg.Hedependson,andistrustedby,hisuncle.1.逗号3）用在插入语前后。a.用在yes,no,sure,personally,probably,certainly,usually或ingeneral,inthefirstplace,inmyopinion,inanycase,asamatteroffact,strictlyspeaking这类修饰语之后。b.用在furthermore,similarly,accordingly,anyway,otherwise,aboveall,inthesameway,inotherwords,incontrast之后。•4）用在句子开头的分词（短语之后）Eg.Thethief,seeingthepolice,begantorunaway.Plants,withenoughwaterandsunshine,willgrowfast.1.逗号5）用在句末非限制性（解释性）分词（带状语性质）前面。Eg.Hesatinachair,readingpapers.6）用在呼语后面或前面（呼语在句中时，前后都要用）Eg.John,comehere./Comehere,John.What,John,areyoudoing?7）用在主从句之前（非限定性定语从句）8）用在直接引语前。1.逗号9）用在状语从句之后，主句之前。（主句在前，状语从句在后，一般不用逗号）10）用在较长的主语和它的谓语之间。11）用在同位语前/后。12）用在省略句中，和分号一起表示某些复杂的词已被省略。Eg.Johnhasone;Mary,two.====Johnhasone,Marytwo.13）用在倒装句中，倒装部分之后。Eg.Thatman,Ihaveknownformanyyears.2.分号1）把没有连词连接而意思上都有联系的句子连接起来。（可用句号，但句号使意思断开，可用逗号，但是力量弱，无连词不足以把两句意思拉在一起）Eg.Heisacleverfellow;evenhisenemyadmitsit.2）把每部包含有逗号的两个句子连在一起。（此时不宜用逗号）Eg.Dickisagenerous,large-heartedperson;butJohn,Maryandsomeofhisfriendsareselfishpeople.2.分号3）用在后面跟有逗号的连接词之前。Eg.Hestudieshard;moreover,hehastoworkforhisliving.4）用在两个并列从句或两个短语之间，（此时也可用逗号，但对比性较弱）Eg.Thatdependsuponwhodoit;howtheydoit;andwhen.3.冒号1）.用在一个严肃的长的引语前（短的、及非正式的文体里，引语一般用逗号）Eg.Baconsaid:“Readingmakesafullman…..”‘That’,saidNick,‘isallIknow.’2）.用在正式信函的称呼语后（非正式信函称呼后用逗号）3）.用在总称之后，后面跟列举。Theseareouroptions:AsKennethMorganwrites:Eg.Hehasmanybooks:Hamlet,ParadiseLost,GonewiththeWind,andothers.3.冒号4）用在列举后，后面跟总称。Eg.Thesea,thesky,theship:theseareallIsee.5）用在表示著作、时间等词语内，把较大和较小的单位分开。Eg.6:35a.m.6）用在比例中。Eg.1:3:8(theratioofonetothreetoeight)7）用在正标题和副标题之间。4.破折号1）用来表示句子没说完。Eg.Ithinkso,but—.2）用在列举后面及总括性词如（these,such,all）之前。Eg.Corn,fruits,vegetables—thesearedailyfood.3）用来表示不同的人说话。4.破折号4）用在一个重复性同位语（又加上修饰语的前面或后面）Eg.Itwasarace—araceagainsttime.Hisson—hisonlyson—died.5）用在一个名词及其同位语从句之前。Eg.Nobodycananswerhisquestion—whencanwebehappyandfree?5.连字符1）下面的合成词需用连字符。a.合成名词•adj.+n.sick-pay,deaf-aid•adj.+n.+erleft-hander,two-timer•v.+adv.Walk-up.Look-in•n.+n.poet-artist,fellow-traveler5.连字符b.合成形容词•adj.+n.+edgood-natured,one-sided•adj.+adj.red-hot,stony-cold•adj.+pp.private-owned,new-made•n.+pp.time-honoredc.包含两个词以上的合成形容词seven-year-old,science-fiction-like5.连字符2）较长前缀后常加连字符，如anti-,counter-.但要注意，return,recover,reform与re-turn,re-cover,re-form意思不同。6.大写1）句子的大写。a.完整句子第一个词的首字母大写。b.直接引语中第一个词的首字母大写。c.在动词be后的完整句子的第一个词要大写。•Eg.Theruleis:Startwhereyouareandbeginwithwhatyouhave.•Theresultwas:Twooutofthetwentystudentspassed.d.在一系列问题中，如每个问句都有问号，则每句开头都大写；如只有最后一句有问号，则只有开头一句大写。•Eg.Whatisit?Wheredoesitcomefrom?Howcanwegetit?6.大写2）诗歌每一行第一个词首字母大写。3）作品的标题a.除了标题中的a,the,and,or,to等，及四个字母以下（单音节介词）的介词外，标题中所有的词首字母都要大写，以上词要是放在开头，也要大写。4）书信开头称呼及末尾的客套语5）人名，地名，头衔。如:ProfessorWu6.大写6）对某人的亲切称呼。如：Mother,Mummy7）专有名词及组织机构的名称要大写。8）著名事件（历史上或现代的）名称。theSecondWorldWar9）时间名称Eg.Monday,September26,2009110．BigApple纽约98．GeorgeWashington乔治华盛顿97．theOlympicGames奥运会94．OscarAwards奥斯卡奖89．WhiteHouse白宫73．TimesSquare时代广场78．Valentine‘sDay情人节26．Halloween万圣节(节)80．Vogue《时尚》杂志83．WashingtonD．C．华盛顿特区84．theWaroftheWorld世界大战VietnamWar越南战争85．Watergate水门事件25．GulfWar海湾战争28．HarvardUniversity哈佛大学87．WestPoint西点相关练习1.MyopinionisNobodythinkshimselfabadman2.Toworktosleepandtoplayalltheseareessentialthingsinlife3.YichingthePhilosophyofChange4.Heiscontentheliveshappily5.Hehasthreewivesonewhomarriedhim20yearsagoasecondwhowasarichwidowthethirdwhohasalreadymarriedfivetimes:.,,:.:;.:,;,;,.相关练习6.Hehassquanderedallhiswealththereforehehastobeghisbread7.Weknowthatcountrylifeismorequietthancitylifethatismorehealthfulthatitishappier8.IthoughtDidyouseeJohn9.IIIdon’tdon’tknow10.ThesethreepoetsByronShelleyKeatsaregoodfriends;,.;;.---?--------.----,,.相关练习11.Theyignoredhisrequestthateveryonemustbepunctual12.HewrotealetterspokewithJohnlistenedtothereportallatthesametime13.Helikesbookstravelspicturesandmoney14.Tobeornottobethatisthequestion.Hamlet.15.JimmyImustsayshouldn’tlistentotherumour--.,,--.,,--.,--,,.相关练习16.IdoeverythinginadditionImustnotcomplain17.Toearnmoremoneytheboyworkedharder18.Thatcityhasbeenlosttotheenemywastrue19.JohnmybrotherWilliamShakespearethegreatestpoetofEnglandLondonthecapitalofEngland20.Outsidethestreetsarewet;,.,.,.,;,;,.,.相关练习21.Suchboysasyouarenottobefoundelsewhere22.ThewarisoverIamgladtosay23.Johnisayoungmanhonestkindandintelligent24.Iaskedaboywhokeptsilent25.Iaskedtheboywhokeptsilent,.,,.,,.,..