中考英语：比较级和最高级

中考英语：比较级和最高级★清华大学★英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.官方网站：清华大学英语教授50年研究成果中考英语形容词与副词比较级与最高级用法形容词与副词的比较级：大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1．规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级构成法原级比较级最高级①一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的)great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest②以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)large(大的)able(有能力的)nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest③以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbig(大的)hot(热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest④以辅音字母+y结尾的easy(容易的)easiereasiest双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusy(忙的)busierbusiest⑤少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-estclever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest⑥其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地)moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily2.不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的)/well(健康的)betterbestbad(坏的)/ill(有病的)worseworstold(老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar(远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest注意：（1）old有两种比较级和最高级形式：older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder/eldest只多用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。Myelderbrotherisanengineer.Maryistheeldestofthethreesisters.（2）far有两种比较级farther和further。在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，farther表示距离，further表示进一步。Ihavenothingfurthertosay.3．几个常用的基本句型：as+形容词或副词原级+as形容词或副词比较级+thanthe+最高级+比较范围▲as+形容词或副词原级+as（1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so…as。Hecannotrunso/asfastasyou.（2）当as…as中间有名词时采用以下格式：as+adj.+a/an+n.或as+many/much+n.Thisisasgoodanexampleastheotheris.Icancarryasmuchpaperasyoucan..（3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。Thisroomistwiceasbigasthatone.Yourroomisthesamesizeasmine.（4）倍数+as+adj.+as=倍数+the+n.+ofThisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.=Thisbridgeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.Yourroomistwiceaslargeasmine.=Yourroomistwicethesizeofmine.▲形容词或副词比较级+thaneg:YouaretallerthanI.Thelightsinyourroomarebrighterthanthoseinmine.注意：（1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.（2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.（3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.（4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。比较：Whichislarge,CanadaorAustralia?Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia?Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.※可修饰比较级的词（1）abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。（2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。（3）以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。▲the+最高级+比较范围（1）TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.※形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.（2）下列词可修饰最高级：byfar,far,much,mostly,almostThishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.①very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.②序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.（3）句型转换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentsinhisclass.（4）“否定词语+比较级”与“否定词语+so…as”结构表示最高级含义Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.▲和比较级（more等）有关的词组（1）the+比较级…,the+比较级…越……就越……Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou'llmake.（2）moreBthanA与其说A不如说B(=lessAthanB)Heismorelazythanslowathiswork.=Heislessslowthanlazyathiswork.与其说他做事慢，不如说他懒。（3）nomorethan…与……一样……，不比……多noless…than…与……一样……TheofficialscouldseenomorethantheEmperor.=TheofficialscouldseeaslittleastheEmperor.官员们所见并不比皇帝多。(指都少)Heisnolessdiligentthanyou.=Heisasdiligentasyou.他和你一样勤奋。（4）morethan不只是，非常Sheismorethankindtousall.一．形容词比较级练习1.Bobneverdoeshishomework_____Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.A.socarefulasB.ascarefullyasC.carefullyasD.ascarefulas2.Nowairinourtownis____thanitusedtobe.Somethingmustbedonetoit.A.verygoodB.muchbetterC.ratherthanD.evenworse3.Ifeel__betterthanyesterday.A.moreB.veryC.theD.far4.Chinahasalargepopulationthan__intheworld.A.allthecountriesB.everycountryC.anycountryD.anyothercountry5.Thisbookis__onthesubject.A.themuchbestB.muchthebestC.verymuchbestD.verythebest6.Thesickboyisgetting__daybyday.A.worseB.badC.badlyD.worst7.Thisnecklacelooks__and__sells__.A.well,wellB.good,niceC.nice,goodD.nice,well8.DoctorWang___heartoperationA.isinterestedonB.likedoingC.doeswellinD.isgoodat9.thepopulationofShandongis__thanthatSichuan.A.smallerB.largerC.lessD.large10.Ididn’tgoshoppingyesterday.Hedidn’t__.A.soB.eitherC.tooC.neither11.___deliciousthefoodis!A.HowB.howaC.WhatD.Whata12.Whatanimaldolike___?Ilikeallkindsofanimals.A.betterB.bestC.veryD.well13.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It’sthesecond__islandinChina.A.largeB.largerC.largestD.mostlarge14.Ifyouwanttobookaround–tripticket,you’llhavetopay__$30.A.moreB.otherC.theotherD.another15.Ahorseis__thanadog.A.muchheavyB.moreheavierC.muchheavierD.moreheavy16.Whichis__seasoninBeijing?Ithinkit’sspring.A.goodB.wellC.bestD.thebest17.UsuallyXiaoLispends__timedoinghomeworkthanXiaoChendoes.A.littleBlessC.fewD.fewer18.IlikedtoplayfootballwhenIwasyoung._______.A.SohewasB.SowasheC.SodidheD.Sohedid二.用所给词的恰当形式填空。1.Whichis_______(big),thesun,themoonortheearth?2.Whichis______(beautiful),theblackcoatortheblueone?3.thismooncakeis____(cheap)