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Designprincipleandanalysesofthemotioncharacteristicsof4H-2typepeanutharvesterShangShuqi,WangJiangang,WangFangyan,LiuShuguang,JiangYuanzhi(EngineeringSchool,LaiyangAgriculturalUniversity,Laiyang,Shandong265200,China)Abstract:Thestructure,workingprincipleanddesignofmainpartsofthe4H-2typepeanutharvesterweredescribedandanalyzed,andthekinematicsmodelofthemainworkpartswasfounded.Onthebasisoftheoptimizedstructure,therepresentativetracksoftheworkpartsweredescribedbymeansofVisualBasicandSPSSsoftwareandthemachinefunctioncharacteristics.Thetheoreticalfoundationhasbeenprovidedforfurtherstudyofthiskindofmachines.Keywords:Peanutharvester;designprinciple;motioncharacteristicsCLCnumber:S225.73DocumentCode:AArticleID:1002-6819(2005)01-0087-051IntroductionThepeanutisoneofthemainoilplantsintheworld,whichisonlyinferiortosoybeanbutranksthesecondforoilproductionandinternationaltrade.Foralongtime,theplanting,harvestingandprocessingofpeanutweremostlycompletedbymanualwork.Itisapieceoflaboredworkwithlowefficiency,whichaffectsthepeanutproductionseriously.Especiallyinthelastfewyears,asthetransferringsurplusrurallaborstourbanareas,thecontradictionofeachlinkofpeanutproductionismoreintensifying,themechanizationofthepeanutproductionbecomesparticularlyimportant.Ithasbeenalongtimeforresearchinganddevelopingthepeanutharvestersindevelopedcountries,itisatypicalrepresentativethattheLP-2typepeanutharvesterandpeanutcombineharvesterofCourtesylfLillistonMfg.Co.intheUnitedStatesandPH-2typepeanutharvesterofMichiganinNetherlands.ThedevelopmentofpeanutharvesterinChinaislaterthanthatindevelopedcountries,perhapsthebeginningofthe1960s.Sincethe1970s,manyrepresentativemimicpeanutharvesterswereintroducedintoChinasuchastheDongfeng69type,4HW-800typeand4H-150typepeanutharvesteretc.Theseproductsbringconvenienceforharvestingpeanut,butthestructureofallcurrentharvestersadoptedthetwostepsofharvestprinciple—scoopandseparatingchaincombinetogether.Thesemachineshavetomatchwiththemedium-bigpowertractors.Itisnotonlycomplexinstructure,highermanufacturingcosts,morepowerconsumption,poorreliability,butalsohigherharvestinglossrate,peanutvinesspreaddisorderly,andinconvenientformanualcollection.Itisnotsuitableforthecurrentrequirementofpeanutharvestingandresultsinthattheharvestingofpeanutisalmostcompletedbymanualworkatpresent.Themechanizationlevelofpeanutharvestingaffectedthedevelopmentofthepeanutproductionseriously.2StructuredesignofthepeanutharvesterAnalysisofthewholemachinestructure4H-2typepeanutharvestercombineswiththeadvancedmethodofplantingandagriculturalrequirement,whichcanharvesttworowsatoneworkingstroke.Itmatcheswiththe8.8~13.0kWsmallfour-wheeltractors.4H-2typepeanutharvesteriscomposedofgagingwheel,transmissionshaft,eccentricwheel,pitman,longrocker-arm,erectaxis,harvestingparts,longpitman,rocker-arm,mountingdeviceandframeetc.Thefigure2showsitsstructure.1.gagingwheel2.jointcoupling3.transmissionshaft4.erectaxis5.longrocker-arm6.longpitman7.mountingdevice8.rocker-arm9.erectaxis10.harvesterpart11.eccentricwheel12.pitman13.harvestpart14.frameFig.2DiagramofpeanutharvesterThedrivingpowerneededoftheworkpartsof4H-2typepeanutharvestercomesfromthePTOoftractor.Whenthemachinewithtractorgoesforward,thePTOdriveseccentricwheel11passthroughjointcoupling2andtransmissionshaft3.Theneccentricwheel11driveslongrocker-arm5tomovepassthroughpitman12.Aserectaxis4andharvestparts13aremadetogether,rocker8withlongpitman6andlongrocker-arm5constituteaninverseparallelogrammechanism,thereforeharvestparts10and13swingwitherectaxis4and9withthesamefrequencyandanglebutcontrarydirection.Theworkingprocessis:thescoops10and13diggingthepeanutoutandmovingthepeanutbackward,whilethelengthwaysgridscontinuouslymakethefanlikeswing,andthenbreaktheadmixtureofsoilandpeanuts.Bythismovementtheheavysoilsinksdownviathegrids,andthelighterpeanutmovesup,sothatpeanutisseparatedfromsoilwell.Thepeanutismovingrearwardcontinuously,finallyevenlayingontheexcavatedground,soitisconvenientformanualcollection.3：FunctioncharacteristicsoftheharvesterTheswing-diggingprincipleandtheinverseparallelogrammechanismhavebeensuccessfullycreatedandappliedto4H-2typepeanutharvester.Ithadbrokenthetraditionalwaywhichisscoopandseparatechaintocombinetogetherforharvesting.(1)4H-2typepeanutharvestershouldbematchedwiththesmallfour-wheeltractorswhichareveryuniversal.Itsdesignisreasonable,withreliableworking,steadyfunction,convenientadjustment,higheradaptability,andthismachinecanworkinvariousfieldsandharvestallkindsofpeanut.(2)Inharvestingprocess,plasticfilmwasnotbrokenandeasycollectedwiththepeanutstalks.Thereisnoneleavingsofthemontheground.(3)Ascreatedtheswing-diggingprinciple,thewholeresistanceandthepowerconsumptionoftheharvesterhavebeenreduced.Bymeansoftheswingfunction,thesoilwithheavyspecificgravitysinkingpassesthroughthegrids,andthepeanutwithlighterspecificgravitymovesup,sothatthelossrateofpeanutwasreducedremarkably.4H-2typepeanutharvesteristhenewtypicalagriculturalimplementforthesmallscalefarmsofChinaandmoresuitableforChinesepeanutproduction.Thisharvesterha