直接引语变间接引语

GrammarDirectandIndirectSpeechⅠ直接引语:直接引用别人的话,把它放在引号内。(directspeech)间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话。(indirectspeech)Iamabeautifulgirl.Shesaidthatshewasabeautifulgirl.Whatdidthegirlsay?1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Shesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”ShesaidthatshewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouadoctor?”Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.Sheasked,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句陈述句用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that,不可直接说toldthat。句子结构的变化Hesaid,“IhavebeentoJapan.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentoJapan.Shesaid,“I’llgiveyouanexamtomorrow.”Shetoldusthatshewouldgiveusanexamtomorrow.陈述句解题步骤:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.Sarahsaidtoherfriendsthat(Idon’tlikecomputers.)didn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述语序。一般疑问句Tomsaid,“DoyouhaveanydifficultywithEnglish?”Tomasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithEnglish.一般疑问句解题步骤:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.(itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.)askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。特殊疑问句Hesaidtome,“Whereareyoufrom?”HeaskedmewhereIwasfrom.特殊疑问句解题步骤：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheat(youharvestthewheat.)heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorChinese?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorChinese.用whether…or…表达(不用if/either…or…)选择疑问句DirectspeechIndirectspeechSentencestructurestatementsay/tellsb.(that)+从句一般疑问句ask/wonderwhether/if+陈述句语序特殊疑问句ask/wonderwh-word+陈述句语序在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.时态的变化2.人称和指示代词变化3.时间和地点状语的变化4.句子结构直接引语directspeech间接引语indirectspeech一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时过去完成时DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechPronouns第一人称第三人称第二人称第一或第三人称thisthatthesethoseDirectSpeechIndirectSpeech时间状语nowthentodaythatdayyesterdaythedaybeforethisweek/monththatweek/monthlastweek/monththatweek/monthbeforethreedaysagothreedaysbeforetomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday地点状语herethereDirectSpeechIndirectSpeech方向性动词comegobringtakeborrowlend直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldshould(不变)willwouldwouldWould(不变)maymightmightmight(不变)cancouldcouldcould(不变)mustmust/hadtoHesaidhe…playsfootballisplayinghasplayedplayedwillplayhadplayedplayedfootballwasplayinghadplayedhadplayedwouldplayhadplayed1)直接引语是客观真理。“Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth”,theteachertoldme.→Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth.时态不变化2)有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语（历史事件）XiaoWangsaid.“IwasbornonApril2l,1980.”→XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20,1980.3)被引述的部分是反复出现的,习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的,Theboysaidtous,“Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday.”→Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday.Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”→Thechildrentoldusthattheylovethatgame.4)直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.5）主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态,Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”6)谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等情态动词时。如：Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.1.Hesaid,“theearthgoesaroundthesun.”2.Hesaid,“Thetrainleavesat7:30p.m.”3.Hesaid,“Romeisn’tbuiltinaday.”4.Tomsaid,“IwasborninJuly,1978.”Changedirectspeechintoindirectspeech:Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.Hesaidthatthetrainleavesat7:30p.m.HesaidthatRomeisn’tbuiltinaday.TomsaidhewasborninJuly,1978.5.Hesaid,“I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”6.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”7.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.8.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.9.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.10.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.1.Jacksaidtome,“Youlookworriedtoday.”JacktoldmethatworriedChoosethebestanswer.Ilookedthatday2.Wesaidtoher,“They’rewalkingthroughthestreetnow.”Wetoldherthat____throughthestreet___.A.wewerewalking…thenB.youarewalking…nowC.theywerewalking…thenD.theywalking…nowC3.Mr.Blacksaid,“Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek.”Mr.Blacksaidthat___alongway___.A.Ihadwalked…lastweekB.hehadwalked…thatweekC.Iwalked…lastweekD.hehaswalked…thisweek4.Themanthought,“Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow.”Themanthoughtthat____takeitback____.A.Ishall…tomorrowB.Ishall…thenextdayC.heshould…tomorrowD.hewould…thenextdayD5.Theysaidtous,“Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse?”Theyaskedus____afraidtoleave_____house.A.thatwerewe…thisB.thatwewere…thatC.ifwerewe…thisD.ifwewere…thatD6.Janesaid,“Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago?”Janeasked____about_____.A.thatheheard…aweekagoB.whathehadheard…theweekbeforeC.whathehadherd…aweekagoD.ifheheard…theweekagoB7.Sheasked,“Whosehousewillhebreakintonexttime?”Sheaskedwhosehouse____breakinto_____.A.willhe…nexttimeB.wouldhe…thenexttimeC.hewould…then