土力学英语单词

1SoilMechanics土力学GeotechnicalEngineering岩土工程以下单词均可表示基础或地基：Foundationsubgradegroundfoundationsoilsubsoilfootingbasecompressibility压缩性siltysand粉土sand砂clay黏土diaphragmwall隔墙，地下连续墙expansivesoilground膨胀土地基liquefactionofsand砂土液化landslide滑坡triaxialapparatus三轴试验仪，原位测试仪FiniteElementMethod有限单元法claymineral黏土质矿物Geosynthetics土工合成材料artificialground人工地基groundtreatment地基处理TheLeaningTowerofPisa比萨斜塔Coulomb库伦（库伦土压力理论）Darcy达西（达西渗流定律）Rankine朗肯（朗肯土压力理论）Boussinesque布辛奈斯克（竖向集中力下的地基附加应力提出者）Fellenius费伦纽斯（瑞典圆弧法分析土坡滑坡）Terzaghi太沙基（土力学之父）2physicalproperties物理性质threephasesofsoil土的三相组成Physicalindexes物理性质指标Density密度cohesionlesssoil无粘性土cohesivesoil粘性土permeability渗透性solid固相liquid液相vaporphase气相weathering风化transportation搬运sedimentation沉积I’mR.Youcan’tseeme.originalmineral原生矿物secondarymineral次生矿物claymineral粘土矿物particlesizedistribution颗粒级配hugeparticlegroup巨粒（粒组）grossparticlegroup粗粒（粒组）fineparticlegroup细粒（粒组）sieveanalysis筛分法hydrometeranalysis水分法coefficientofuniformity不均匀系数coefficientofcurvature曲率系数three-phasediagram三相简图mass/quality质量volume体积densityofsoil土的密度unitweight容重，重度cuttingring环刀specificgravityofsoil土的相对密度moisturecontent含水率combinedwater结合水freewater自由水adustionmethod燃烧法voidratio孔隙比（e）porosity孔隙率（n）degreeofsaturation饱和度bulkdensityofsoil土的堆积密度(moist)unitweight湿重度Drydensity干密度Dryunitweight干重度Saturateddensity饱和密度Saturatedunitweight饱和重度Buoyantdensity浮密度Buoyantunitweight浮重度（有效重度）Compactness/density密实度Voidratioofsoilintheloosest/denseststate密实/松散状态土的孔隙比Loose松散Medium中密Dense密实Standardpenetrationtest标准贯入试验（SPT）Limitwatercontent界限含水量Shrinkagelimit缩限Plasticlimit塑限Solid固态Semisolid半固态Plastic可塑状态Liquid流动状态态Conepenetrometer锥式液限仪Plasticityindex塑性指数Liquidityindex液性指数Undisturbedsoil原状土Disturbedsoil扰动土Liquid-plasticlimitcombineddevice液塑限联合测定仪Sensitivity灵敏度Thixotropy（粘性土的）触变性Muck淤泥Muckysoil淤泥质土3.geostaticstress自重应力foundationbasepressure基底压力netfoundationpressure基地附加压力contactpressure基底压力additionalstress土中附加应力stressstate应力状态self-weight自重homogeneoussoil均质土layedsoil成层土groundwaterlevel地下水位continuous/stripfooting连续/条形基础verticaluniformload竖向均布荷载flexiblefoundation柔性基础rigidfoundation刚性基础rectangularfoundation矩形基础verticalcentricload（矩形面积）竖向中心荷载verticaleccentricload（矩形面积）竖向偏心荷载tensionforce拉（应）力inclinedeccentricload斜向偏心荷载verticalpointforce竖向点力verticalconcentratedload竖向集中荷载verticaluniformload竖向均布荷载example例子solution解triangularlydistributedload三角形分布荷载horizontalconcentratedload横向集中荷载circularfoundation圆形基础stressconcentration应力集中stressdispersion应力扩散anisotropicfoundation各向异性基础isotropic各向同性semi-infinite半无限（空间）homogeneous均质的linearelasticmaterial线弹性材料depth/width/length/height深/宽/长/高4.Compressibility压缩性Compressibilitycharacteristics压缩特征Compressibilityparameters压缩指标Compressivedeformation压缩变形Settlement沉降One-dimensionalcompression一维（无侧向变形）压缩Permeability渗透性Stresshistory应力历史Consolidation固结Porevolume孔隙体积Confinedcompressiontest侧限压缩试验（固结试验）Consolidometer固结测量仪（压缩仪）Porousstone透水石Specimen试样Compression压缩Compressioncurve压缩曲线Compressioncoefficient压缩系数（a）Compressionindex压缩指数（Cc）Compressionmodulus压缩模量（Es）Reboundingorswellingcurve回弹曲线Recompressioncurve再压缩曲线Deformationmodulus变形模量（E0）Final/ultimatesettlement最终沉降Layerwisesummationmethod分层总和法（delaminationtotalMethod）Stressareamethod规范法Coefficientofaverageadditionalstress平均附加应力系数Modifiedcoefficient修正系数（沉降计算经验系数）Pre-consolidationpressure先（前）期固结压力Normallyconsolidatedsoil正常固结土Overconsolidatedsoil超固结土Overconsolidationratio超固结比Underconsolidatedsoil欠固结土Distortionsettlement瞬时沉降Primaryconsolidationsettlement固结沉降Secondaryconsolidationsettlement次固结沉降Degreeofconsolidation固结度Theoryofone-dimensionalconsolidation（太沙基）一维固结理论Darcy’slaw达西定律Excessporewaterpressure孔隙水（超静水）压力Coefficientofconsolidation固结系数Timefactor时间因数（Tv，竖向固结因数）One-waydrainage单面排水Two-waydrainage双面排水5.Shearstrength抗剪强度Mohr-Coulombfailurecriterionofsoil莫尔-库仑破坏准则（莫尔-库伦强度理论）Limitedequilibriumofsoil土的极限平衡Directsheartestapparatus直剪仪Shearforce剪力Metalshearbox金属剪力盒Normalforce法向力Failureenvelope破坏包线Angleofinternalfriction内摩擦角Cohesion凝聚力Elasticequilibrium弹性平衡Limitequilibrium极限平衡StateoflimitequilibriumofSoil土的极限平衡状态Stressstate应力状态Mohr’scircle莫尔圆Slidingsurface滑裂面Laboratorytest室内试验In-situtest野外（原位）试验Strain-controlled应变控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R注）Stress-controlled应力控制式（用来修饰直剪仪，R注）Triaxialtest三轴（压缩）试验Vaneshearapparatustest十字板剪切试验Unconsolidatedundrainedtest不固结不排水试验Consolidatedundrainedtest固结不排水试验Consolidateddrainedtest固结排水试验Majorprinciplestress最大主应力Minorprinciplestress最小主应力Intermediateprinciplestress中间主应力6.LateralEarthPressure侧向土压力Retainingstructure挡土结构物RetainingWall挡土墙Face墙面Back墙背Bottom墙底Toe墙趾Heel墙踵Backfill墙后填土Earthpressureatrest静止土压力Activeearthpressure主动土压力Passiveearthpressure被动土压力Earthpressuredistribution土压力分布Thetotalforceperunitlengthofthewall单位长度墙总力Rankine’stheoryofearthpressure朗肯土压力理论Rigid刚性的Nofrictionalverticalwallback光滑竖直墙背Horizontalfillingsurface水平填土面Cohesionlesssoil无粘性土Cohesivesoil粘性土Failurewedge破裂楔形体Forcepolygons力的多边形Gravityretainingwall重力式挡土墙Cantilevelretainingwall悬臂式挡土墙Counterfortretainingwall扶壁式挡土墙Anchoringtechnique（土层）锚固技术Geosyntheticreinforcedretainingwall土工合成材料加筋挡土墙Stability稳定性Bearingcapacity/bearingpressure地基承载力Wallstrength墙身