基于单片机的智能小车设计

基于单片控制的智能小车设计I摘要随着计算机、微电子、材料、机械、通信等技术的快速发展，智能化的小车和机器人的发展速度也越来越快，作为21世纪自动化领域内非常伟大的成就它已经和人们的生产生活紧密的联系在了一起。根据题目的要求，本设计的智能遥控小车主要由两大部分构成：一个红外遥控部分，一个智能小车部分。其中红外遥控部分采用专用编码芯片HT6221作为发射端，一体化红外接收头作为接收端；智能小车部分采用微控制器AT89C52单片机作为其控制核心，用红外反射式光电传感器进行障碍物和路线的检测，用步进电机控制小车的启停、速度快慢以及转向，用直射式光电检测器、施密特触发器等元件组成的电路来检测小车车轮转速，用LCD1602液晶显示屏来实时显示小车运行的速度、时间和路程。经过硬件和软件的综合设计，本设计的智能遥控小车基本上实现了遥控控制、自动躲避障碍、自动沿着特定的路线行驶、实时显示速度、路程等功能。关键词：AT89C52单片机；红外遥控；步进电机；LCD1602基于单片控制的智能小车设计IIABSTRACTAlongwiththedevelopmentofcomputermicroelectronicmaterialsmechanicalandcommunication,thesmartcarsandrobotsarealsomov-ingfaster,asagreatachivementinthefieldofautomationinthe21stcentury,theyhavecloselycontactedwithpeople,slivingandmanufactur-ing.Accordingtothetopic,mydesignationofsm-artcarmainlycontaintwoparts,ainfraredremotecontralportionandasmallcarportion.TheinfraredremotecontralportionisusethespecialcodedchipHT6221asthetransmitterandusetheintegratedinfraredreceivingheaderasthereceiver;weusetheMCU(AT89C52singalchipmachine)asitscontrolcore,theinfraredreflectiveph-otoelectricsensorfordetectionofobstalandroutes,thesteppingmotortocontrolitsstart-stopspeedandsteering,thecircuitsmadeofdirectopticaldetectorsschmitttr-iggerandotherelectroniccomponentstodetectthecar,swheelspeed,1602LCDsc-reentodisplayitsreal-timespeeddistanceandtime.Throughtheintegrateddesignofhardwareandsoftware,thesmallcarhasthefunctionofremotecontral,avoidingobstalautomatically,movingalongspecificrouteautomatically,displayingreal-timespeedanddistace.Keywords:AT89C52MCU;IRremotecontrol;stepmotor;LCD1602基于单片控制的智能小车设计I目录第一章绪论.................................................................................................................................11.1课题背景和意义...........................................................................................................11.2课题研究现状和发展趋势.........................................................................................11.2.1研究现状.............................................................................................................11.2.2发展趋势.............................................................................................................21.3课题内容和要求...........................................................................................................2第二章总体方案设计与论证..................................................................................................42.1遥控控制模块设计与论证.........................................................................................42.2电机驱动模块设计与论证.........................................................................................52.3避障循迹模块设计与论证.........................................................................................62.4数据显示模块设计与论证.........................................................................................62.5转速测量模块设计与论证.........................................................................................72.6电源模块设计与论证..................................................................................................7第三章各模块硬件电路设计..................................................................................................93.1红外遥控发射器模块..................................................................................................93.1.1红外遥控模块的工作原理.............................................................................93.1.2HT6221编码芯片简介..................................................................................103.1.3红外遥控发射器.................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2单片机控制模块............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2.1单片机模块电路.................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2.2复位电路..............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.2.3振荡电路..............................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.3红外接收器及解码.......................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.4电机驱动模块..............................................................................................................163.4.1步进电机的工作原理.....................................................................................163.4.2ULN2003芯片简介.........................................................................................17基于单片控制的智能小车设计II3.4.3步进电机驱动电路设计................................................................................183.5避障循迹模块.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.6转速检测模块.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.7数据显示模块.................................................................................错误!未定义书签。3.8电源模块..........................................................................................错误!未定义书签。第四章系统软件设计................................................................................错误!未定义书签。4.1系统总体程序流程图...........................................................................