现代大学英语5课件 Lesson 10 Part III

LessonTenBeforeandAfterSeptember11ByTaiMosesQuestion:What’sthemainideaofthispart?Theresultofnationalparanoiaisthehardeningofoutlook.IntheUStoday,itiscalledwaronterrorism.PartIIIDetailedAnalysisPartIIIDetailedAnalysisPara.121.WhydoesthewriterbringupGeorgeOrwell'snovel1984?BecausetherearesomanysimilaritiesbetweenthepracticesinthenovelandpracticestodayintheU.S.(1)Imprisonmentwithouttrial（未经审讯即监禁）:upto2,000peopleintheU.S.havebeendetained(拘留)withouttrialPartIIIDetailedAnalysis(2)publicexecution（公开处决）:militarytribunal(特等)法庭forcapturedTalibanoral-Qaedafollowers(3)torturetoextractconfessions（严刑拷打逼供）:InPollswhenaskedwhethertorturetoconfessionspermissible,about50%ofthepolledsaidyes.(4)practicestolerated,evendefended;over80%,tolerated,evendefendedsuchpracticesbypeoplewhoconsideredthemselvesenlightenedandprogressive:mostAmericansconsiderthemselvesenlightenedThat’swhytheU.S.governmentissuesanannualHumanRightsReportoneveryothercountryintheworld.PartIIIDetailedAnalysisGeorgeOrwell(1903-1950)HewasaBritishwriterwhoseimaginativefictionattackstotalitarianismandreflectshisconcernwithsocialjustice.HisworksincludeAnimalFarm(1945)and1984(1949)乔治.奥威尔,英国作家，其极富想象力的小说猛烈攻击极权主义并反映对社会平等的关注。作品包括《兽园》(1945年)《一九八四》(1949年)。PartIIIDetailedAnalysis1984AnovelwrittenbyGeorgeOrwelldescribingscenesinacountrycalledOceaniainthefutureyear1984.ThemaincharacterWinstonSmithwasfearfuloftheThoughtPolicewhopatrolledpeopleforhereticalthoughtsandmadepeopledisappeariftheythoughtpoorlyaboutthePartyanditsleader,BigBrother.LaterSmithwasarrestedandsubjecttoendlesstorture.AsaresulthisthoughtschangedfromhatredofthePartytoundying(eternal,lasting)lovetotheorganization.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis2.IthasnotbeenfashionableforsometimetoassignoracularqualitiestoOrwell’snovel,1984.Yetthebookhasmuchtosaytoourfractured,post9/11era.(1)oracular[ɔ:'rækjulə]:预言的;玄妙的;晦涩的(2)fractured:被毁坏的；支离破碎的人们曾一度不再认为奥韦尔的小说《1984》是一部预言，不过小说中的描写与我们“9.11”事件之后这不再完整的时代的确大有相似之处。PartIIIDetailedAnalysis3.InOrwell’sdystopia,“practiceswhichhasbeenlongabandoned,…whoconsideredthemselvesenlightenedandprogressive.”dystopia::[dis'təupiə]Animaginaryplaceorstateinwhichtheconditionoflifeisextremelybad,asfromdeprivation,oppression,orterror.反面乌托邦,糟透的社会,地狱般的处境奥韦尔在描写反面乌托邦时说，“一些长期以来已经放弃不用的做法，有些甚至几百年来都已经废除的做法，例如未经审讯即监禁…公开判决、严刑拷打逼供…不仅有普遍实行起来，而且也为那些自认为开明进步的人所容忍，甚至辩护。”PartIIIDetailedAnalysis4.Theseparoxysmalsocialchanges,Orwellwrote,beganwitha“generalhardeningofoutlook”.paroxysmal：[,pærək‘sizməl]a.阵发的；突发的奥韦尔认为这种突发的社会变化起源于“普遍硬化的观点”。PartIIIDetailedAnalysisPara.135.Whatroledoesthisparagraphplay?(1)Itservesasatransition,leadingtowaronterrorism.(2)Itisaone-sentenceparagraphforemphasis.(3)IntheU.S.today,thisattitudeofbecomingunsympathetictakestheformofwaronterrorism.如今的美国将这种观点的硬化成为反恐战。PartIIIDetailedAnalysisPara.146.Atitsforefront,thenewdefendersoftheHomelandaredefiningitsmotives,methodsandmentality.(1)WhoarethosenewdefendersoftheHomeland?TheyareAttorneyGeneralJohnAshcroftandtheJusticeDepartment,TomRidge,DirectoroftheOfficeofHomelandsecuritywithintheWhiteHouseandtheHomelandSecurityOffice,theFederalBureauofInvestigation(FBI)andotheragencies.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis(2)Whatdoes“its”standfor?Itstandsforwaronterrorism.(3)Howdoyoutranslatethisstatement?在最前线，国家的新保卫者们正制定作战目标、作战方法并进行心理准备。PartIIIDetailedAnalysis7.Butmanyofusdefineourpersonalsafety---inthenameofstatesecurity.(1)How,accordingtothewriter,domanyAmericansdefinetheirpersonalsafety?TheyconsiderthecivillibertiesembodiedintheBillofRightsandintheConstitutionasthemostimportantguaranteeofpersonalsafety.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis(2)Whatwashappeningtotheseliberties,accordingtothewriter?Theyarebeingweakenedorcancelledbytheauthorityofnationalsecurity.Inotherwords,forthesakeofsecurityofthecountry,peoplearebeingaskedtogiveupsomeofthelibertiestheyenjoybylaw.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis(3)Howdoyoutranslatethisstatement?但我们中许多人是用这些个人权力来定义个人安全和民族性的,这些个人权力正在国家安全的名义下受到削弱。(4)compromise:toweakenorgiveup(one’sprinciples,ideals,etc.)asforreasonsofexpediencyinthenameof:bytheauthorityof;invokingPartIIIDetailedAnalysis8.Whatweareintheprocessofgivingup---whatwastakenfromusonSept.11.(1)ThelibertieslistedintheBillofRightsaretheConstitutionalprotectionofindividualfreedom.ThesearethebasicrightsenjoyedbytheAmericanpeople.NowtheAmericanpeopleareaskedtogiveupsomeofthesebasicrightssothatcertainmeasurescouldbeputintoforcetoprotectthecountry.TheAmericanpeopleareaskedtoputupwithsomeofthemeasuresasmentionedinPara.12.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis(2)ThewriterisafraidthatoncetheAmericanpeopleacceptthedeprivationofcertainrights,precedencewouldbeestablishedandtheconsequencewouldbegreaterthanthelossofpropertyandhumanlivesintheSeptember11attacks.我们现在正在放弃的可能会远远超过“９.１１”事件从我们身边带走的。PartIIIDetailedAnalysisPara.159.Whatdoesthisparagraphtellus?Thisparagraphgivesexamplestoshowwhatkindoflibertiesarecompromised.Thesituationisactuallymoreseriousthanwhatisdescribedinthearticle.Thelowestfigureofthosewhodisappearedwasputat2,000.Andsuchpracticeistoleratedbyamajorityofthepeople.PartIIIDetailedAnalysis10.Intheweeksaftertheattacks,forexample,theJusticeDepar