(外研版)初中英语笔记 初二(下)

（外研版）初中英语笔记初二（下）Module1Hobbies1.基本句型：⑴主语+系动词+表语（+状语）Tomisveryhappytoday.⑵主语+谓语（不及物动词）（+状语）Thefirstbookcameoutin2003.⑶主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语（+状语）Hewroteabookinseniorhighschool.⑷主语+谓语（及物动词）+间接宾语+直接宾语（+状语）Hishobbyhasbroughthimenjoyment.⑸主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语+宾语补足语（+状语）Ididn’twantyoutoworktoohard.⑹therebe+主语+状语Thereisaverynicecuponthetable.Therearemanystorybooksinhisschoolbag.一般来说，置于句首的多是时间、条件和原因状语，置于谓语部分之后的是地点、方式、原因、目的、时间和伴随成分。2.tidyup“整理；收拾”。当宾语是代词时，要放在tidy和up中间；当宾语是名词时，既可放在中间，也可放在其后。如：Yourroomisuntidy.Canyoutidyitup?Thestudentstidieduptheclassroom.（类似的还有turnon,turnoff,puton,writedown等动词+副词形式）3.listentosb.dosth.听见某人做某事。Ioftenlistentohimplaytheviolin.(类似于see,hear等后面可以接不带to的动词不定式)4.当play后面接表示乐器的名词时，需要在该名词前加上定冠词the;如：playthepiano,playtheflute（笛子）当play后面接表示球类的名词时，该名词前不接任何冠词。如：playbasketball,playfootball5.aswellas“也；还；并且”AaswellasB（强调A而不是B），如：Sheiscleveraswellaspretty.WeallwanttovisitBeijingaswellasShanghai.6.comeout“出版；出现；（秘密等）传出；结果是”7.asaresult“结果”，相当于so,前者用逗号隔开，后者反之。Hehadsomebadmeat.Asaresult,hefeltill.asaresultof“因为……”8.collectv.收集；collectorn.收集者haveacollectionof…“收集……”如：Ihaveacollectofdolls.9.takeup占用（时间、空间）Thejobtakesupallmytime.Thebigdesktakesuptoomuchspace.10.attheendof在……末尾11.⑴sth.+happen+时间/地点“某时（某地）发生了某事ThestoryhappenedinBeijingin2008.⑵sth.happentosb.“某人出了某事（常指不好的）”Acaraccidenthappenedtoherthismorning.⑶sb.happentodosth.或Ithappens/happensthat…某人碰巧做某事。Ihappenedtomeetafriendofmineinthestreetyesterday.Module2Friendship1.宾语从句（即放在动词后面作宾语的句子）：㈠宾语从句的三要素：引导词：that，if/whether，疑问词语序：陈述语序（较特殊的如：Heaskedmewhatwasthematter.）时态：①主句的时态是现在时，从句可用任意所需时态。如：Pleasetelluswhereheis.②主句的时态是过去式，从句要用相应的过去式。如：Hetoldmethathewastired.③从句叙说普遍真理或客观规律时，则用一般现在时。如：Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.原句式宾语从句一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时(am,is,are+v.-ing)过去进行时（was,were+v.-ing）现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)过去完成时（had+过去分词）一般将来时（will+动词原形/am,is,aregoingto+v.)过去将来时(would+动词原形/was,weregoingto+v.)㈡that引导的宾语从句：（多数可省略）谓语动词表肯定概念，接that引导的从句的谓语动词不可有疑问的含义，多是表示观点、看法、意念、要求等方面概念的词，如：believe,feel,hear,hope,expect,explain,prefer,promise,report,say,see,tell,think,understand,wish,warn等。Bettythinks(that)treesimprovetheair.Ihopethatitwillbesnowthiswinter.㈢whether/if引导的宾语从句：原句式为一般疑问句时就用whether/if“是否”，常表达不确定概念。如：Heaskswhether/ifwewillgofishingonSunday.whether与if一般可通用，但以下情况只用whether：★和ornot连用：Idon’tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.★动词不定式前：Hedidn’tknowwhethertostayornot.★介词后:I’mnotinterestedinwhethershewillgoshopping.★宾语从句位于句首；★带有discuss（讨论）、decided（决定）、doubt（怀疑）等词。㈣疑问词引导的宾语从句：（who,when,where,what,why,how…）注：在疑问词引导的宾语从句中，一定要用陈述句语序。Heaskshowwecanhelpprotecttheenvironment.Theyhaven’tdecidedwheretheyshouldgofortheholiday.2.acoupleof“一些，几个”；Theywillbebackinacoupleofweeks.acoupleof作主语时，谓语动词用单数：Thereisacoupleofboyswaitingforyou.3.daybyday“一天比一天地；每天；日益”，指不断发生变化的。Hegrewstrongerdaybyday.dayafterday“一天天地”，指不断重复的。4.①rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事。Iremembermeetingheratapartyonce.②remembertodosth.记住要去做某事。Remembertoclosethewindowsbeforeyougoout.5.find+复合宾语⑴find+宾语+名词Theteacherfindsthegirlagoodsinger.⑵find+宾语+形容词IfindEnglishgrammarverydifficult.⑶find+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式Hefounditveryhardtoanswerthequestion.⑷find+宾语+介词短语（或过去分词，现在分词）Ifoundthecatunderthebed.6.goodluckwithsth.goodlucktosb.7.bytheway顺便说intheway挡路；妨碍onone’sway/ontheway在路上8.worryabout=beworriedabout“担心……”Don’tworryaboutme.Iamnotachildanymoer.9.①faraway“遥远的”，在句中做表语、状语和后置定语。(be)farawayfrom远离……Theschoolfarawayfrommyhome.②faraway“遥远的”，可做名词的前置定语。Helivesinafarawayvillage.10.lonely“孤独的”，指心理感受；alone独单；独自（无旁人）I’mnotlonelythoughIamalone.11.makefriendswith与……交朋友12.becloseto离……近Module3ontheradio1.to+v.与v.-ing作宾语：一般来说，不定式表示将来的动作或行为，而v.-ing形式表示经常性的、一般性的动作或行为及正在进行的动作或行为。只接to+v.的只接v.-ing的接to或v.-ing的want,hope,wish,decide,expect,plan,agree,promise…enjoy,finish,mind,practice,keepon…like,love,begin,start,continue,hate.(以上意义差别不大)try,mean,remember,forget,stop…(以上意义差别大)2.答谢时常用的表达方式：Don’tmentionit.Notatall.You’rewelcome.That’sallright.It’smypleasure.3.①lookout=watchout=becareful“小心；当心”②lookoutforsb./sth.“留心某人或某物”。.Lookoutforsnake!③lookoutof向外看；lookdown向下看；lookup向上看。4.needtodosth.需要做某事。WeneedtospeakEnglishwell.needdoingsth.=stn.needtobedone.某物需要……Herroomneedstobecleaned.5.keepdoingsth.一直做某事；继续做某事。Theykepttalkingaboutit.6.①preparesth.准备某物。Motherwaspreparingdinnerinthekitchen.②prepareforsth.=getreadyfor为……做准备③preparetodosth.准备做某事7.①explainsth.tosb.向某人解释某物Theteacherexplainedtheproblemtoclass.②explain+从句Heexplainedwhyhewaslateforschool.8.seem做连系动词，“似乎；好像；看起来”①seem+名词。Lucyseemsaveryclevergirl.②seem+形容词。Heseemsquitehappy.③seem+动词不定式。Themanseemedtobeill.④seem+介词短语。Theyseeminhighspirits.⑤itseems+that从句=sb.seemstodosth.Itseemsthatshe’sright.⑥itseems(ed)+asif/asthough从句Itseemsasifit’sgoingtorain.9.①noise噪音；吵闹声Don’tmakeanynoiseinclass.②voice“声音，噪声”，多指人的声音。Thesinger’svoiceissosweet.③sound“声音；声响”，大自然的声音（人声，鸟声，机器轰鸣）Thestorysoundsinteresting.Module4Newtechnology1.if从句㈠㈡∶if引导的条件状语从句表示“如果”。⑴if从句+祈使句：if从句用一般现在时，祈使句的谓语动词用动词原形;if从句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。如：Ifyouwanttogo,pleasetellme.Lookatourwebsiteifthecameradoesnotwork.⑵if从句+陈述句：if从句中用一般现在时，表示将来的一种条件，从句中可以加时间状语；当if表将来条件时，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。Ifitdoesn’traintomorrow,w