Formal-and-informal-organizations

1、Formalorganizationisafixedsetofrulesofinfra-organizationproceduresandstructures.Theinformalorganizationistheinterlockingsocialstructurethatgovernshowpeopleworktogetherinpractice.Itistheaggregateof,norms,personalandprofessionalconnectionsthroughwhichworkgetsdoneandrelationshipsarebuiltamongpeoplewhoshareacommonorganizationalaffiliationorclusterofaffiliations.Itconsistsofadynamicsetofpersonalrelationships,socialnetworks,communitiesofcommoninterest,andemotionalsourcesofmotivation.1、Functions:(1。

2、)Tofacilitatetheaccomplishmentofthegoalsoftheorganization:Inaformalorganization,theworkisdelegatedtoeachindividualoftheorganization.He/Sheworkstowardstheattainmentofdefinitegoals,whichareincompliancewiththegoalsoftheorganization.(2)Tofacilitatetheco-ordinationofvariousactivities:Theauthority,responsibility,andaccountabilityofindividualsintheorganizationisverywelldefined.Hence,facilitatingtheco-ordinationofvariousactivitiesoftheorganizationveryeffectively.(3)Toaidtheestablishmentoflogicalauthor。

3、ityrelationship:Theresponsibilitiesoftheindividualsintheorganizationarewelldefined.Theyhaveadefiniteplaceintheorganizationduetoawelldefinedhierarchicalstructurewhichisinherentinanyformalorganization.(4)PermittheapplicationoftheconceptofspecializationanddivisionofLabor.Divisionofworkamongstindividualsaccordingtotheircapabilitieshelpsingreaterspecializationsanddivisionofwork.2、Formalorganizationalsohasthreebasicelements:unityandcooperation,commongoals,communicationandexchange.3、Thecharacteristi。

4、csofFormalorganizations:(1)organizationalgoalsarespecific.(2)theformalorganizationofthepowersofmandatorycompliancefeatures,andthereareorthodox,legitimacyandstabilitycharacteristics.(3)formalorganizationalstructuregenerallyhashierarchicallevelfeatures.(4)theformalorganizationofthecommunicationchannelsprovidedbytherulesoftheorganization.1、Accordwithnature(Naturalness)Informalorganizationisentirelyvoluntarycombinationofpeople,soitisinaccordwithnaturalnobodyforced,andnoonedeliberatelyarranged。

5、,designedentirelybythepeopleintheorganizationofthemutualbehavioramongmutualunderstandingandrecognitionundertheproducefeelingsafterthenaturalcombinationofgroup2、Mutualbehavior(Interaction)Mutualexchangesamongpeopleintheorganization,communication,mutualunderstanding,andthustheformationofinformalorganization.Thisinteractiveprocessthatismutuallybehavior.3、Emotionalinvestment(Empathy)Personnelasaresultofdealingsbetweenintimate,psychologicallyputeveryoneinsomerespectsfusedintoawhole,includingcomp。

6、assionandmutualrecognition,andthustotheemotionalbodyasabasis,soitsbehaviorlackofobjectivecriteria.Managersshouldfullydocumentalldecisions,the“goodmanager”arethosethatprovidedetaileddatatosupporttheirrecommendations.Creativedecisions.Producedsignificantchangesorriskandarenotencouraged.Becausethemanagerfailedprojectsareopenlycriticizedandpunished.Toomanymanagersdonotrealizeideasdeviatefromthestatusquo.Areferencetoacommonphrasesunderlyingmanagersofthecompany.Workactivitiesaroundindividualshavediff。

7、erentdepartmentsandauthority.Staffisexpectedtoreducetheofficialcontactwithotheremployeesinthefunctionalareasforthecommand.Performanceevaluationandreward,emphasizingindividualeffort.Althoughqualificationstendtobetheprimaryfactorindeterminingpayandpromotion.Managersshouldcloselymonitoremployeeswithoutbias.Managementisconcernedaboutthehighproductivity,regardlessofstaffmoraleorturnover.(4)Socialdistance(SocialDistance)Amongtheformalorganizationalhierarchycontrolorfunctionaldivisionoflaborbecause。

8、therelationshipbetweenhowmanypeopletherearesomesocialdistance;Butintheinformalorganizationamongworkersisduetoacombinationofthesamebackground,sothedistancebetweenusbecomesshorter.。