风力发电机组变桨矩控制系统的研究毕业论文

I风力发电机组变桨矩控制系统的研究摘要由于石油资源的日益枯竭和人类对全球环境恶化的倍加关注，风能作为可再生绿色能源以其突出的优点成为全世界普遍重视的能源。风能开发的重要性已无可争辩，风力发电技术也随之得到迅猛发展。风力发电技术是涉及空气动力学、机械、电机学和自动控制理论等综合性的学科。而进行大规模风能开发首先必须解决一系列关键技术问题，其中，风力发电机的变桨矩控制是一个极具挑战性的控制问题，对其进行深入研究具有十分重要的现实意义。通过阅读大量国内外文献资料，研究风力发电机工作原理，论文首先对变桨矩驱动装置的选择进行比较，最终确定本变桨矩控制系统采用独立电动变桨的方式。分析了风力电机的空气动力学特性，在此基础上设计了风力发电机组在不同风速段下的控制策略。由于PID控制稳定性好、控制算法简单、响应速度快且能实现无差调节，论文采用PID控制算法。由于PLC在工业控制上有许多优势，且价格合理，综合各方面因素，本文选择S7-200作为控制器。随后，设计了基于PID控制的变桨矩控制器的控制框图和硬件电路图。基于V4.0STEP7MicroWINSP6软件设计了变桨矩控制器相应的软件。关键词：风力发电机组；电动变桨矩控制；变速恒频；PLCIIThewindturbinepitchcontrolsystemAbstractWiththeincreasingdepletionofoilresourcesandtheconcerninghumanpayattentiontoglobalenvironmentaldegradation.Windpowerasrenewablegreenenergyforitsoutstandingadvantagesbecomestheworld'sorientedenergy.Theimportanceofwindenergydevelopmentisindisputablesothatthewindpowertechnologywillberapiddevelopment.Windpowertechnologyinvolvesthedisciplinesofaerodynamics,mechanical,electricalandautomaticcontroltheory.Itisimportanttoresolveanumberofkeytechniquesforlarge-scaledevelopmentofwindenergy.Windturbinepitchcontrolisachallengingproblemandin-depthstudyhasimportantpracticalsignificance.Readingalargenumberofdomesticandforeignliteraturestostudyworkingprincipleandtocomparethepitchdrives,andultimatelydeterminethepitchcontrolsystemwhichisindependentelectricpitchinthispaper.Designthecontrolstrategyofwindturbinesondifferentwindspeedswhichbasedontheanalysisofthewindmotoraerodynamics,.ThecontrolstabilityofPIDisgoodandthecontrolalgorithmissimple,fastresponseandcanachievewithoutdifferentadjustment,sothispaperusesthePIDcontrolalgorithm.PLChasmanyadvantagesinindustrialcontrolandreasonableprice.Concerningaboutallroundfactors,wehavechosentheS7-200asacontrollerinthispaper.Subsequently,controlhardwareblocksdiagramandschematicofthepitchcontrollerbasedonPIDcontrolweredesigned.BasedontheV4.0STEP7MicroWINSP6,wedesignthepitchcontrollersoftware.Keywords:Windturbine;Bladepitchcontrol;VSCF;PLCIII目录摘要................................................................................................................................IAbstract.........................................................................................................................II第一章绪论..................................................................................................................11.1论文的研究背景和意义...................................................................................11.1.1论文的研究背景....................................................................................11.1.2选题的意义............................................................................................21.2风力发电变桨控制系统国内外的研究现状..................................................21.3本论文主要工作..............................................................................................3第二章风力发电机组的基本组成、基本理论与变桨矩系统..................................42.1风力发电机组的基本组成...............................................................................42.1.1桨叶系统.................................................................................................52.1.2齿轮箱系统.............................................................................................62.1.3发电机系统.............................................................................................72.1.4控制系统.................................................................................................72.1.5偏航系统.................................................................................................82.1.6塔架.........................................................................................................92.1.7制动系统.................................................................................................92.1.8UPS供电系统........................................................................................92.2空气动力学原理.............................................................................................102.2.1叶素理论...............................................................................................102.2.2风能计算...............................................................................................102.2.3风能利用系数与贝兹理论...................................................................112.3风速特性分析.................................................................................................142.3.1风切变效应...........................................................................................142.3.2塔影效应...............................................................................................142.4变桨矩风力机组的运行状态.........................................................................152.4.1启动状态...............................................................................................152.4.2欠功率状态...........................................................................................16IV2.4.3额定功率状态.......................................................................................162.5变桨矩系统的原理与结构.................................................................