Ernest-Miller-Hemingway-海明威英文介绍

ErnestMillerHemingway(1899-1961)Life•bornandraisedinOakPark,IllinoisnearChicagoin1899•father:asuccessfulphysician,lovefishingandhunting;•mother:musicteacher,whowasveryinterestedinliteratureLife•In1917,aftergraduationfromhighschool,HemingwaywenttoworkasareporterforTheKansasCityStar(堪萨斯《星报》)Life•In1914,WorldWarIbrokenout.HemingwayjoinedtheRedCrossandenterthebattlefield.•Hewasseriouslywoundedinthebattlefield.Thenightmarishwarexperiencechangedhislife.Life•AfterWWI,hepublishedhisfirstinfluentialnovel——TheSunAlsoRises.ItdescribestheWorldWarImakesyoungAmericansfeellost，emptyanddepressedandtheyarecalledTheLostGenerationLife•ParticipatedtheWWII•In1952,createdTheOldManandtheSea(winningthePulitzerPrizein1952&theNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954)Life•Thenhewastorturedbyseveralkindsofdiseases.Henevercreatedsomeinfluentialworksafterthat,andfinally,maybediscouragedbyatroubledfamilybackground,illnessandthebeliefthathewaslosinghisgiftforwriting,in1961,heshothimselfwithguninhishome.Life•Inallhislife,4marriages•helovedtoughgames,suchasboxing,hunting,deep-seafishing.•Injuredmanytimes.(237steelfragmentsweretakenoutfromHemingway’sbody).Healsosuffered3caraccidentsand2aircrushes.•Hewasadmiredasaherobylotsofpeopleandhislifestylewasimitated.MainWorksMainworks•(1)TheSunAlsoRises(1926)《太阳照样升起》paintstheimageofawholegeneration—thelostgeneration,spiritualcrisis•(2)AFarewelltoArms(1929)《永别了，武器》basedonhiswarexperienceinItaly,alovetragedyintheWar,theloverscalled“modernRomeoandJuliet”,firmlyestablishedhisreputationMainworks•(3)ForWhomtheBellTolls(1940)《丧钟为谁而鸣》（《战地钟声》）•(alsoastoryaboutwarandlove)BasedonhisexperienceasajournalistinSpainduringitscivilwar,anti-FascismMainworks•(4)TheOldManandtheSea”(1952)《老人与海》(Oneofhisbest,winningtheNobelPrize)•Symbolism：Santiago–mankind;sea–natureandenvironment;marlin–purposeoflife;shark–theevilforcewhichcontrolhuman’sfate•Theme:theimportanceoflifeliesintheprocessofsearchingandresistance•Shortstorycollections:MenwithoutWomen(1927)《没有女人的男人》WinnerTakeNothing(1933)《胜者无所得》•Play:TheFifthColumn(1940)《第五纵队》Hemingway’sstyleHemingway’sstyle•Direct,terse,andoftenmonotonous•Simple,natural,conventionalwordsandsentences•Fewconventionalemotivelanguage,fewauthorialcomments•Focusonfacts•SymbolismTheicebergtheory•Hemingwaycalledhisstyletheicebergtheory:thefactsfloatabovewater;thesupportingstructureandsymbolismoperateout-of-sight.•“Ialwaystrytowriteontheprincipleoftheiceberg.Thereisseven-eighthsofitunderwaterforeverypartthatshows”Theicebergtheory•“Thedignityofmovementofanice-bergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.”•Onemustgoverydeepbeneaththesurfacetounderstandthefullmeaningofhiswriting(agoodwriterdidnotneedtorevealeverydetailofacharacteroraction.)TheHemingwayCodeHero•Thephrase,HemingwaycodeherooriginatedwithscholarPhilipYoung.HeusesittodescribeaHemingwaycharacterwholivescorrectly,followingcertainprinciplesofhonor,courage,andendurancewhichinalifeoftensionandpainmakeamanaman.TypicaltraitsfortheCodeHero:•will,pride,andendurance•“Graceunderpressure”istheirmotto•Whateveristheresultis,theyarereadytolivewithgraceunderpressure.•Nomatterhowtragictheendingis,theywillneverbedefeated.•Finally,theywillprevailbecauseoftheirindestructiblespiritandcourage.Conclusion•AlltheworksofHemingway,nomatterlongorshort,arealmostexpressedatenderandprofoundemotionbyhisstraightforwardwritingstylewhicharejustliketheflowingfigure.Hemingway'swritingstylewasprobablythemostwidelyimitatedinthe20thcenturyandhadanhugeimpactinfluenceonworldliterature.22