英语 构词法精品课件

TravelinglightwelliwasdoublingovertheloadonmyshoulderswasaweightIcarriedwithmeeverydaycrossingmilesoffrustrationsandriversaragingpickingupstonesIfoundalongthewayIstaggeredandIstumbleddownpathwaysoftroubleIwashaulingthosesouvenirsofmiseryandwitheachsteptakenmybackwasbreakingtillifoundtheonewhotookitallfrommedownbytheriversidedownbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglightthroughthedarkestalleysandloneliestvalleysiwasdraggingthoseheavychainsofdoubtandfearthenwiththeonewordspokenthelockswerebrokennowhe'sleadingmetoplaceswheretherearenotearsdownbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglightIndexGeneralintroductionClassifywordsCompounding(有两个或更多的词合成一个词)Derivationintroduction(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)prefixsuffixConversion(将一种词性转化成另一种词性)PracticeClassify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplaceFrustrationlockeverydayriversideloneliest合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversidefrustrationdarkestloneliestfreedomlockplace构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法（Derivation）【前缀/后缀】转化法（Conversion）【词性转换】合成(Compounding)blackboardspaceshiphalf-understandfirst-classman-madegood-lookingsometimesbeforehand•加前缀：happy---___happy•加后缀：develop---develop_______•既加前缀又加后缀：employ---____employ_______unmentunment派生词（derivation）派生法（Derivation）---词缀法1.前缀:Pre-Pre-reading,preview,prepayRe-Rewrite,reconsider,reuse（前）(重新)dis-（不）disagree,dislike,disappearmisunderstand,misleadmis–（错误或失当）miniskirt,minibussupermarket,supermansuper-（超级）mini-（微小）in/im-（不）incorrectimpossibleforetell,forecastpost–(之后)postwar,post-readingfore-(前，预先)semicircle,semi-finalsemi-(半，部分)antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-(阻止，抗)underground,under-developunder-（在……下，在……中）常见的后缀1.名词后缀：-er-or-tion-ment-ity-ist-hood-ionwork,educate,develop,visit,satisfy,teach,sail,ability,piano,art,child,brother,act,solute,conclude,move,possible常见的后缀1.名词后缀：-er-or-tion-mentteacher,workervisitor,sailoreducation,satisfactiondevelopment,movement-ity-ist-hood-ion名词后缀：ability,possibilitypianist,artistchildhood,brotherhoodaction,solution,conclusion常见的后缀2.形容词后缀：-ous-ful-able,-ible-ant,-ent-arydangerous,humoroushelpful,carefulcomfortable,responsibleimportant,excellentmilitary,voluntary3.副词性的词缀：-ly-wardsquickly,softly,yearlybackwards,forwards转化法（Conversion）tasten.味道v.尝起来Ithasagoodtaste.Ittasteverygood.recordn.记录v.记录Hebroketherecord.Heliestorecordsomethingwhilereadingabook.correctcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilitywrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergraduategraduategraduationn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectn.反义独立的词根adj.残疾的n.不可能的n.反义n.误解词根大学生词根n.近义反义WordsBuildingcorrectcorrectionincorrectindependentdependdependabledisabledisabilityimpossiblepossiblepossibilityexpressioneducationwrongmistakenmistakemisunderstandunderstandundergroundundergraduategraduategraduationunderwaysubwaysubtitlealwayssidewaysn教育表达O独立的rootadj残疾的n不可能的OnSSn误解root大学生rootn地下的地下通道地铁副标题总是英语构词法–前缀（1）•掌握一些英语构词法，对单词的记忆和理解有很大的帮助，下面笔者列举一些常用的词缀和词根。常见的前缀1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-,an-,asymmetry（不对称）anhydrous（无水的）dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il,im,ir,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,noesenseneg-,neglectun-unable,unemployment2)表示错误的意义•male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)•mis-,mistake,mislead•pseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思•de-,defend,demodulation(解调)•dis-,disarm,disconnect•un-,unload,uncover4)表示相反，相互对立意思•anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)•contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)•counter-,counterreaction,counterbalance•ob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupy•with-,withdraw,withstand2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀1)a-表示“在……之上”，“向……”aboard,aside,2)by-表示“附近，邻近，边侧”bypath,bypass(弯路)3)circum-,circu-,表示“周围，环绕，回转”，circumstance,circuit2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀4)de-,表示“在下，向下”descend,degrade5)en-,表示“在内，进入”encage,enbed(上床)6)ex-,ec-,es-,表示“外部，外”exit,eclipse,expand,export2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀•7)extra-,表示“额外”extraction（提取）•8)fore-表示“在前面”forehead,foreground•9)in-,il-,im-,ir-,表示“向内，在内，背于”inland,invade,inside,import2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀10)inter-,intel-,表示“在……间，相互”international,interaction,internet11)intro-,表示“向内，在内，内侧”introduce,introduce12)medi-,med-,mid-,表示“中，中间”Mediterranean,midposition2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀13)out-,表示“在上面，在外部，在外”outline,outside,outward14)over-,表示“在上面，在外部，向上”overlook,overhead,overboard15)post-,表示向后，在后边，次”postscript(附言)，2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀16)pre-,表示在前”在前面”prefix,preface,preposition17)pro-,表示“在前，向前”progress,proceed,18)sub-,suc-,suf-,sug-,sum-,sup-,sur-,sus-,表示“在下面，下”subway,submarine,suffix,suppress,supplement2.表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀19)super-,sur-,表示“在…..之上”superficial,surface,superstructure20)trans-,表示“移上，转上，在那一边”translate,transform,transoceanic、21)under-,表示“在…..下面，下的”underline,underground,underwater22)up-,表示“向上，向上面，在上”upward,uphold,uphill(上坡)