英语短篇小说选读-Ernest-Hemingway-海明威

ErnestHemingwayⅠ.ABriefIntroductionⅡ.LifeⅢ.MajorWorksandWritingStyleⅣ.Theme--ACleanandWell-lightedPlaceBornErnestMillerHemingwayJuly21,1899OakPark,Illinois,U.S.DiedJuly2,1961(aged61)Ketchum,Idaho,U.S.Notableaward(s)PulitzerPrizeforFiction(1953)NobelPrizeinLiterature(1954)Spouse(s)FourwivesChildrenJack,Patrick,GregoryⅠ.ABRIEFINTRODUCTIONInfluence•ErnestMillerHemingwaywasanAmericanauthorandjournalist.Hiseconomicalandunderstatedstylehadastronginfluenceon20th-centuryliterature,whilehislifeofadventureandhispublicimageinfluencedlatergenerations.•The“LostGeneration”(“迷惘的一代”)•ToughGuy(硬汉作家)Ⅱ.LIFE--BORNinasmalltowncalledOakParkinIllinoisnearChicago.--HADahappychildhood;aloverofbrutalsports,suchasboxingandfootballinmiddleschool--DURINGtheWWI,hewantedtojointhearmybutwasrefusedbecauseofhispooreyesight.ThenHemingwaycametoItalytoworkasanambulancedriver.Hewasseriouslywoundedinthebattlefield.Thenightmarishwarexperiencechangedhislife.--AFTERRthewar,hestillworkedasareporter.HewassenttoParisandknewPound,GertrudeStein,SherwoodAndersonandsomeotherfamouswriterswhoencouragedhimtowrite.--HEalsoworkedasawarreporterintheSpanishCivilWarandtheWWII.--HEisatoughguywithrathermasculinemanner.Inallhislife,helovedtoughgames,suchasboxing,hunting,deep-seafishing,bullfightandsoon.Hewasinjuredmanytimes.Inalltheoperations,237steelfragmentsweretakenoutfromHemingway’sbody.Healsosuffered3caraccidentsand2aircrushes.Hewasadmiredasaherobylotsofpeopleandhislifestylewasimitated.--IN1961,Hemingwayshothimselfwithguninhishome.Ⅲ.MajorWorksandWritingStyleMajorWorks“TheSunAlsoRises”(《太阳照样升起》)1926(DeepillusionofthewholegenerationaftertheWWI;thecharactersindulgedthemselvesindepravedlifetomakethemselvesnumb)(titleofthenovel:fromHolyBibleP232)“AFarewelltoArms”(《永别了，武器》)1928(atragicstoryaboutwarandlove)(Heroandheroine:FredericHenryandCatherineBarkley)“ForWhomtheBellTolls”(《丧钟为谁而鸣》)1940(Spanishcivilwar)(alsoastoryaboutwarandlove)(thetitleofthenovel:fromJohnDonne’ssermons)ItcanbereadasafootnotetoTheSunAlsoRises.InthisnovelstandstheHemingwayhero,anaveragemanofdecidedlymasculinetastes,sensitiveandintelligent,amanofaction,andoneoffewwords.Andalsohereisanindividualist,aloneevenwhenwithotherpeople,somewhatanoutsider,keepingemotionsundercontrol,stoicandself-disciplineinadreadfulplacewhereonecannothavehappiness.Thisworkcaughtthemoodofthepost-wargeneration,andbroughtinternationalfametoyoungHemingway.“TheOldManandtheSea”(《老人与海》)1952(In1954,HemingwaygottheNobelPrize)◆symbolismSantiago–mankind;sea–natureandenvironment;marlin–purposeoflife;shark–theevilforcewhichcontrolhuman’sfate◆theme:theimportanceoflifeliesintheprocessofsearchingandresistance“一个人并不是生来要被打败的，你尽可以消灭他，可就是打不败他。”（Manisnotmadefordefeat.Amancanbedestroyedbutnotdefeated）Hemingway'sWritingStyle●“Hemingwayheroes”:anoblebuttragichero;fightingwiththeoverwhelmingforce;thoughheknowsthathewillbedefeatedatlast,hedecidestoactlikeahero[海明威对命运的看法可联系古希腊悲剧的俄狄浦斯王(Sophocles,索福克勒斯),而他对人物的塑造又可联系古希腊神话中的西西弗斯(Sisyphus)]Hemingway'sWritingStyle●Colloquialstyle:influencefromMarkTwainandhisjournalistcareer◆Concrete,specific,common-foundwords◆Simple,short,evenungrammaticalsentences◆Direct,clearandpositivestyle,yethighlyconnotative◆TheNobelPrizeCommitteepraisedHemingwayhad“powerfulstyleformingmasteryoftheart”.IcebergTheory(冰山原则)•IcebergtheoryoriginatedfromashortspeechofHemingway:“Thedignityofmovementofanicebergisduetoonlyoneeighthofitbeingabovewater．”Ⅳ.Theme--ACleanandWell-lightedPlaceThemeisthecentralordominatingideaofaliterarywork,eitherimpliedorstated,regardinguniversalhumanbehaviororcondition.Authorrevealthemesthroughactionandthethoughtofthecharactersastheyrespondtosituation.Themeis…---Underlyingmeaningofthestory---Auniversaltruth---Asignificantstatementmadeaboutthesociety,thehumannatureorthehumanconditionACleanandWell-lightedPlace一个干净明亮的地方---Hemingway‟smostcompactstories.---talksaboutloneliness,whichHemingwayconsideredtobetheprincipaltragedyofmodernlife.---Nada(Nothingness)wasanimportantthemeofthisstory.NearlyallthecharactersliveinNada.Fortheoldman,Nadameanshopelessness,aimlessnessandmeaninglessnessoflife,whichwastheexactreasonfortheoldman’ssuicide.Hetriedtokillhimself,bywhichhethoughthecouldmakehimselfgetridoftheearthlyaffairs.Themiddleagedwaiterwasawareofwhattheoldmansuffered.Heknewtheoldman’stodaywashistomorrow.Heknewtheimportanceofacleanandwell-lightedplacetothosewhoneedarefugetoescapefromloneliness.However,hehadtoleavethecaféattheendofthenovel.TheyoungwaiterlivedinNadaaswell,evenifhedidnotrealizeit.Hisignorancemakesastrongcontrastwiththeoldman’swisdom.Hewasunawareofwhathehad.Forhim,thelifewasanotherkindofmeaninglessness,becausehewasblindlyconfidentwiththeunreliableyouth.-THEEND-