高中英语语法之主语从句

1.Idon’tknowwherethepostofficeis.objectclause宾语从句2.Didshetellushowweshoulddothework?objectclause宾语从句3.Mydreamisthatonedaythereisnogenerationgapbetweenourmumsandus.predicativeclause表语从句1.Atreehasfallenacrosstheroad.2.Youareastudent.3.Tofindyourwaycanbeaproblem.4.Smokingisharmful.5.Whatshesaidisknown.6.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.7.Itiscertainthatweshallbelate.RevisionFindthesubjectsinthefollowingsentences.主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。1Thathewillcomeiscertain.2Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.3Whyhediditremainsamystery.4Whichsidewillwinisnotclear.5Whatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers.Findthesubjectclausesinthefollowingsentences,andtranslatethem.思考：主语从句有哪些引导词，这些引导词如何选用？6Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet.7Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall.8Whowilltakepartinthemeetinghasnotbeendecided.9Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.10Wheresheisfromisunknown.引导主语从句的关联词:从属连词(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）连接副词（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why宾语从句考点：1.引导词2.谓语动词单复数3.It作形式主语1.iscertain.（我们将迟到了）2.________________________isknowntoall.(地球是圆的)3.isapity(你错过了这次机会)ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二.whether是否，表不确定的事情.1.引导词Thatwewillbelatehurtshimsomuch.（她离开他）一.that---只起引导作用，不充当成分，无词义，但不能省略。Thatshelefthimisnoteasytosay(他是否会来这）Whetherhewillcomehere(Ifhewillcomehere...)×ismorepractice.(我们所需要的）what在从句中作宾语isunderdiscussion.When在从句中作状语WhatweneedWhenwewillbeginthemeeting主语从句在句首只能用whether三.其他疑问词（who(ever),whose,which(ever),what(ever)，when,where…）(我们何时开会）做成分（主、宾、表、定）依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。所谓“缺什么补什么”是指句型结构与连词之间的关系。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用whose；什么都不缺用that。Whowillhostthemeetinghasn’tbeendecided.Whatyousaidjustnowisnottrue.Whoeverheisdoesn’tmatter.Whosecarrunsfasterisobvious.主宾表定翻译练习1.(谁将去见他)________________isnotdecided.2.(哪个班级会赢得这场足球赛)_______________________________________isnotclearsofar.3.(他能否买到飞机票)________________________doesn’tmattermuch.4.(我们如何去那里)_______________________isaquestion.5.(你刚才告诉我的)__________________________wasreallyasurprise.6.(他什么时候出国)_________________________isbeingdiscussed7.(他为什么哭)____________________isnotclear.WhowillmeethimwhichclasswillwinthefootballgameWhetherhecangettheplaneticketHowwewillgothereWhatyoutoldmejustnowWhenhewillgoabroadWhyheiscrying主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Conclusion:2.主语从句中的“主谓一致”1.主语从句通常被看作一个整体,主句的谓语动词用单数形式.Thattheywillcome_______certain.2.What引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数决定.Whathewants______thesebooks.Whathewants______somewater.isareisWhenwe’llhavethemeetingandwherewe’llhavedinnernotbeendecidedyet.（我们什么时候开会和去哪里吃饭还没决定)have1._____youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.2._____hesaidatthemeetingsurprisedeverybodypresent3.________the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.4.________we’llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.5.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever.Itwasnotclearwhetherthesolidshapewouldlastornot.主语从句形式主语Whetherthesolidshapewouldlastornotwasnotclear.真正主语引导主语从句在句首只能用whether,但有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.Conclusion:ifIf×注意：3.it作形式主语Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Thattheearthisroundisknowntoall.--2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.--Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.It’sknowntoallthattheearthisround.--It’scertainthatweshallbelate.Itis+adj/nthat……(strange/apity…)Itis+v–edthat…..(…said/reported….)为了避免主语冗长,句子“头重脚轻”,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.It+vithat……(happen…)这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itisasurprisethat…令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat…事实是…Itiscommonknowledgethat…众所周知,…*_______________(很遗憾)welostthematch.很遗憾我们输了比赛。*______________(这是事实)hecheatedintheexam.ItisapitythatItisafactthat2)Itis+adj.+从句It’scertainthat…肯定…Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itisobviousthat…很明显…Itisnecessary\important\strange\natural+that…*_________________(很可能)shewillcomebacktomorrow.*_________________(很明显)thismeasureiseffective.很明显这个措施有效。*Itisstrangethatweshouldlosethegame.+(should)+do…ItispossiblethatItisobviousthat表示理应如此，惊奇,不相信,惋惜等3)It+不及物动词+从句Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itoccurredtosb.that…某人突然想起…*________________Icameintotheofficeatthattime.碰巧我当时走进办公室。*____________________Iforgettosenttheletter.我突然想起我忘记去送信了。IthappenedthatItoccurredtomethat4)It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……;人们相信……Itissuggestedthat+(should）do...建议……Itmustbeadmittedthat…必须承认……Itcannotbedeniedthat…不可否认……Itmustbepointedoutthat…需指出的是……*___________________(据报道)20peoplewerekilledintheaccident.*______________________(建议)weshouldeatmorevegetableanddomoreexercise.ItisreportedthatItissuggestedthatWhatyouleftatschoolaretwooldbooks.Whatyousaidtohimisofgreatimportance.3.主语从句的“that”一般不能省。4.“主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。What引导的主语从句，可根据表语决定主语从句需注意的问题2.主语从句中用陈述语序Whetherhe’llcomehereisnotclear.Thattheearthisroundisawidelyacceptedfact.5.有时为了使句子结构平衡,避免“头重脚轻”,常用it作形式主语,而把从句放在后面.4种句型注意：1.引导主语从句在句首只能用“whether”引导，有it作形式主语的whether/if都可以.。【常见错误展示】下列各句均有一处错误，请改正并分析错误的原因。1.Lighttravelsfasterthansoundiscommonknowledge.2.Ifshe’scomingornotdoesn’tmattermuch.Thatthat虽无词义但引导主语从句位于句首时不能省略