Unit-8大学英语

高等院校研究生英语系列教材综合教程（上）INTEGRATEDCOURSEUnit8SmarterTransportationContentStartingoutReadingFocusReadingMorePracticalTranslationFocusedWritingFinalProjectTask1Workinpairs.ChooseyourfavoritecarfromthecarsgivenonP220andtellyourpartnerwhyyoulikeitbest.Startingout—Task1Task2Roleplay.Workoutaconversationwithyourpartnerinwhichoneofyoudreamsofhavingacarandliststhebenefits,whiletheotherplaystheopposingroleandcomplainsaboutthedamagecausedbycars.Startingout—Task2Usefulwordsandexpressions:Benefits:convenient,comfortable,luxurious,enjoyfreedom,higherstandardofliving,privacy,independence,takebettercareoftheyoungandtheaged,protectedfrompickpockets,Shortcomings:jamtheroads,energy-consuming,highcost,emissions,airpollution,theftfromcarparks,breakdowns,stressfuldriving.Startingout—Task2Startingout--Task2Task3Discusswithyourgroupmembershowtosolvetheproblemoftrafficcongestionincities?Youmaygivesomesuggestionsonhowtoimprovetheroadsandtrafficregulationsandhowtomakecarssmartertoavoidbeingcaughtintrafficjams.GPS(GlobalPositioningSystem)guidesdriverstotherightplacewithoutwonderingaboutonthestreets.Carscanbemadesmaller,too.Thelatestconceptcarsarefoldableinordertosaveparkingspace.Startingout--Task2TheHiddenDangerofSeatBeltsReadingFocusGlobalUnderstanding2DetailedInformation3CriticalThinking4LanguagePoints5ReadingFocusVocabularyinAction6BackgroundInformation1Itiswell-knownthatseatbeltisoneofthesafetymeasuresaimingtosavelives,preventinjuries,andreducecarcrashes.Whydoesthewritersaythereare“hiddendangers”causedbybucklingseatbelts?Wouldyougiveanexampletosupportthisstatement?BackgroundInformationReadingFocus–GlobalUnderstandingIt’scommonknowledgethat___________________________________.But,accordingtoJohnAdams________________________________________.Adamsexplainshisresearchintermsof______________.Forexample,seatbeltsmaycause_______________________,andthusposerisksto______________________________________.Therearemanyfactorsthataffectrisk,including_______________________________.Completethefollowingextract.seatbeltsdecreaseour.riskofdyinginanaccidenttherealityismessierandmorecomplicatedthanthatriskcompensationpeopletodrivemorerecklesslyotherpassengersorpedestriansaswellasthemselvesfinancial,physicaloremotionalrewardsTask2Choosethesentencethatbestexpressesthemeaningofthesentencefromthetext.Key:12345678910ABAABBABBAReadingFocus–DetailedInformationCriticalThinkingReadingFocusStepOneInthetext,theauthorsaid:Seatbeltsmayactuallycausepeopletodrivemorerecklessly.Seatbeltssavelives.Ayoungmanis100timesmorelikelytobeinvolvedinaseverecarcrashthanisamiddle-agedwoman.ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingStepTwoDiscussingroups:ReadingFocus—CriticalThinkingWhatsafetymeasureshavebeenincludedincardesigns?WhydoesJohnAdamssaythatdrivingat3:00a.m.onaSundayoneismorethan100timesmorelikelytodiethansomeonedrivingat10:00a.m.?Canyouexplainthissituationaccordingtotheriskcompensationtheory?1.Seatbeltsstilldecreaseourriskofdyinginanaccident,butthestatisticsarenotallblackandwhite.(Para.1)blackandwhite:1)(ofaphotograph,film,televisionprogramme,orillustration)inblack,white,shadesofgrey,andnoothercoloure.g.oldblack-and-whitemovies2)(ofasituationordebate)involvingclearlydefinedopposingprinciplesorissuese.g.Itwasallgreyareas;noblack-and-whitecertainties.ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint2.Whathefoundwasthatcontrarytoconventionalwisdom,mandatingtheuseofseatbeltsin18countriesresultedineithernochangeoractuallyanetincreaseinroadaccidentdeaths.(Para.2)mandate:require(something)tobedone;makemandatorye.g.Thegovernmentbeganmandatingbettercarsafety.ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint3.Ifheiswearingaseatbeltandhiscarhasfrontandsideairbagsandanti-skidbrakestoboot,hemayinturndriveabitmoredaringly.(Para.3)toboot:usedattheendofalistofremarkstoemphasizetheme.g.1)Heiskind,handsomeandwealthytoboot.2)Shewasagreatsportswoman,andbeautifultoboot.ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint4.Inthecaseofseatbelts,insteadofasimple,straightforwardreductionindeaths,theendresultisactuallyamorecomplicatedredistributionofriskandfatalities.(Para.4)redistribute:v.togivesomethingtoeachmemberofagroupsothatitisdividedupinadifferentwayfrombefore再分配，再分发e.g.:Theirprimaryconcernwastoredistributeincomefromrichtopoor.ReadingFocus–LanguagePoint5.Consequently,anysinglemeasurementassignedtotheriskofdrivingacarisboundtobeonlytheroughestsortofbenchmark.(Para.5)benchmark:somethingthatisusedasastandardbywhichotherthingscanbejudgedormeasured基准e.g.1)Thevaluationbecomesabenchmarkagainstwhichtojudgeotherprices.2)Testsattheageofsevenprovideabenchmarkagainstwhichthechild’sprogressatschoolcanbemeasured.ReadingFocus–LanguagePointKeytostep11-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-Task1Step1Matchthewordsintheleftcolumnwiththeircorrectmeaningsintherightcolumn.Notethateachwordhasmorethanonemeaning.e,mc,jb,qg,na,f,lh,ik,od,pReadingFocus–VocabularyinActionbootboundfatalnegotiatenettheoddsrewardvacuumStep2Fillineachoftheblankswithanappropriatewordorphraseandwritedownthecorrespondingmeaning(markeda—qinthetableabove)attheendofeachsentence.Changetheformifnecessary.ReadingFocus–VocabularyinActionKeytoste