英语报刊选读-unit-1-Politics

ReadingaboutpoliticsBriefintroductiontoAmericanpoliticsExamininganarticleAmericanPoliticsDonkeyandElephantFightDonkeyandElephantFightDonkeyandElephantFightTwomajorPoliticalPartiestwomajorpoliticalpartiesinUStheDemocraticPartytheRepublicanPartyAmericanpoliticalsystemTheUSpoliticalsystemisoftenreferredtoasa“two-partysystem”Whileinrealitytherearemanydifferentparties,thereareonlytwowhichholdthevastmajorityofpowerandinfluence,aswellasmostoftheelectedofficesinthecountry.RepublicanPartyFormedin1854byanti-slaveryactivists,todayisconsideredtobethemoreconservativeofthetwoparties,generallyfavoringsmallergovernmentandlessregulationandtaxationofbusinesses.Keywords:Conservative,Right-wingRecentRepublicanPresidentsGeorgeH.W.BushGeorgeW.BushDemocraticPartyOneoftheoldestpoliticalpartieswhichstillexistsintheUS,theDemocraticpartyisgenerallyconsideredthemoreliberalAmericanparty.Todaytheyrepresenttheideasofsocialliberalismandprogressivepolicy.KeyWords:Liberal,Left-wing,Progressive,socialRecentDemocraticPresidents:BarackObamaWilliamJ.ClintonElectingPresident1.Primaryelection(Feb.-June)2.ThemajorpartiesholdconventionstochoosecandidatesforPresidenttodeterminethepartiesplatforms3.Thecampaigningstageradio,television,newspapers,andpersonalcommunications4.ChooseaslateofpresidentialelectorswhomakeuptheElectoralCollege(Electionday:Tuesdayfollowingthe1stMondayinNovember)5.theelectorsintheElectoralCollegevoteforthepresidencyonthefirstMondayafterthesecondWednesday.NOTPOPULARVOTEBUTELECTORALVOTESElectoralCollegeTheelectorsofall50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia(3electors)---atotalof538Tobesuccessful,acandidateforPresidencymustreceiveatleast270votes.Ifnocandidatehasamajority,thedecisionshallbemadebytheHouseofRepresentatives,withallmembersfromastatevotingasaunit.Inthisevent,eachstateandtheDistrictofColumbiawouldbeallottedonevoteonly.The“winner-take-all”systemThecandidatewiththemostvotesinastatewinsallofthatstateselectoralvotes.ThecandidatewhowinsthemajorityoftheElectoralCollegevoteswillbethepresident.Whowouldbethepresident?InaugurationceremonyThepresidentialtermof4yearsbeginsonJanuary20followingtheNovemberelection.heldonthestepsoftheUSCapitol.Thepresidentpubliclytakesanoathofoffice,whichisadministeredbytheChiefJustice.Theoath-takingceremonyisfollowedbyaninauguraladdress,inwhichthenewPresidentoutlinesthepoliciesandplansofhisadministration.Inaugurationceremony,2013TheInauguration1月20日，在华盛顿，大批观众观看奥巴马就职典礼。TextstudyTheHigherEducationofWashingtonUniversitiesstepuplobbyingtoprotectfundinginterests.ByDanMorganWhatisLobbying?游说Lobbyingisattemptingtoinfluencemembersofgovernment,especiallylegislatorsormembersofregulatoryagencies.ItiscommonintheUSforcorporations,advocacygroups,orindividualstoengageinlobbyingtopromotetheirinterests.Manylobbyistsareprofessionals,hiredbyotherstoadvocateforthem.TextunderstandingQuestionsfordiscussion:Para1-81.WhatwasthepurposefortheUniversityofCaliforniatoworkoutthecoverstoryaboutJerryLewis?2.WhatwouldBush’sfiscal2005budgetproposalgivethemostsupport?3.Whyisthehighereducationcommunityusingeverylobbyingtooltoprotectitsinterests?4.Whydoyouthinkthatthehighereducationalinstitutionsarestillreluctanttodothisinalargescale?Para8-165.Canyougivesomeexamplestoshowhowthehighereducationcommunityhasbeenworkinghardtomakeuseofpoliticallobbyingfortheirinterests?Para17-326.Whydoestheauthorsay“Thestakesareusuallyhighthisyear”?7.WhatwouldbethepossiblenegativeeffectsofBush’sbudgetcutonmostbasicresearch?8.WhenSen.Spectermadeacommentonthehighereducationlobby,whydidhementiondefensecontractors?9.DoyouthinkthatUC’slobbyingteamhadmadearightchoicebynotresortingto“hardball”lobbyingmethods?Why?Whynot?10.InwhatwayLewiswouldbeextremelyimportanttoUCLA?