词汇学之构词法

故事时间欣赏故事让我们来看不同动物吧~•Whenlifeoffersyouadreamsofarbeyondanyofexpectations,it’snotreasonabletogrievewhenitcomesanend.英语词汇学之构词法3构词法(word-formation)4合成法(compound)•一、概念•将两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词的构词法称为合成法。•二、方法•1.直接写在一起bedroom,newspaper,horseback•2.用连字符(-)连接part-time,good-looking,second-hand•3.由两个分开的词构成blacklist,blacksea,blacksheep•三、类别•1.合成名词•2.合成动词•3.合成形容词•4.合成副词和合成代词5合成词：由两个或两个以上的词合成一个词•合成名词•合成副词•合成形容词•合成代词一、合成名词1、名词+名词=名词•air+port=airport机场•basket+ball=basketball篮球•class+room=classroom教室•silk+worm=silkworm蚕2、形容词+名词=名词•black+board=blackboard黑板•brief+case=briefcase公文包•green+house=green-house温室•short+hand=shorthand缩写、速写3、动词+名词=名词•play+ground=playground操场•spring+board=springboard跳板、出发点•pick+pocket=pickpocket扒手、小偷•break+water=break-water防洪堤4、名词+动词=名词•sun+shine=sunshine阳光•sun+set=sunset日落→sunrise日出5、动名词+名词=名词reading-room阅览室waiting-room等候室living-room起居室、客厅sleeping-pills安眠药6、名词+现在分词=名词hand+writing=handwriting笔迹书写体、书法~onthewall不详之兆sight+seeing=sightseeing观光、游览7、动词+副词=名词look+out=lookout瞭望台、瞭望员set+up=setup装备get-together聚会walk+out=walkout罢工、中途离开8、副词+名词=名词back+ground=background背景、经历down+town=downtown市中心→uptown住宅区9、名词+介词短语=名词editor-in-chief主编father-in-law岳父、公公comrade(同志)-in-arms/chief战友10、其他：good-for-noting无用之人go-between中间人、媒人touch-me-not水仙花、高傲的人二、合成副词•1、副词+副词furthermore而且、此外；however然而、无论如何•2、代词+副词somehow以某种方式；anywhere在任何地方•3、副词+名词overhead在头顶/空中/高处；downstairs在楼下•4、形容词+名词anyway不管怎样、无论如何；meanwhile同时、其间三、合成形容词1、形容词+现在分词good-looking好看的、漂亮的；slow-moving低速的；easy-going随和的2、名词+现在分词man-eating食人的；peace-loving爱好和平的3、副词+现在分词forthcoming即将到来的；outstanding优秀的、突出的4、名词+过去分词air-conditioned有空调装置的；man-made人造的、人为的5、形容词+过去分词grey-haired白发苍苍的；middle-aged中年的6、形容词+名词first-rate一流的；second-hand二手的；用过的；bare-foot光脚的；high-class高级的7、副词+副词：faraway远方的四、合成代词1、人称代词宾格的第三人称+self/selveshimself,herself,itself,themselves物主代词的一、二人称+self/selvese.g.myself我自己,yourself你自己,ourselves我们自己Helpyourself.别客气、请随便用。Enjoyyourself!玩得开心！bymyself单独、独自→Iwouldrathertravel~.2、不定代词：some,any,no,every+body/one/thinge.g.someone某人；anything任何事情nobody没有人；everybody每人、人人合成名词方式例词名词+名词football,notebook,seafood,hand-book...形容词+名词blackboard,first-class,greenhouse…动名词+名词waiting-room,writing-desk,sleepingbag..动词+名词pickpocket,turn-coat,sleepwalker…副词+名词income,overcoat,inland…代词+名词he-goat,she-wolf…名词+介词+名词father-in-law,editor-in-chief…动词+副词take-off,breakup,breakdown…副词+动词output,download,overflow…16合成动词构成方式例词名词+动词sleepwalk,waterski,daydream,sunbathe…副词+动词overcome,overeat,upload,uphold…形容词+副词whitewash,quick-charge,blacklist,ill-treat…其它方式blow-dry,spin-dry…17梦游滑水做白日梦沐日光浴克服吃太多上传维护刷白快速充电列入黑名单虐待吹干甩干合成形容词构成方式例词过去分词或-ed词尾kind-hearted,middle-aged,new-born-ing词尾good-looking,easy-going,man-eating形+名或名+形full-time,first-class,ice-cold,brand-new其它方式two-hour,out-door,up-hill,see-through18好心的中年的新生的好看的随和的吃人的全职的头等的冰冷的全新的两小时的户外的上山的透明的合成副词和合成代词构成方式例词合成副词empty-handed,single-handed,sidewayshowever,anywhere,downstairs合成代词myself,himself,ourselvessomeone,anybody,nothing,everyone19空手地单枪匹马地向一边然而任何地方往楼下我自己他自己我们自己某人任何人没事每个人第二部分：派生法(derivation)•一、概念•通过加前缀或后缀构成一个新词的方法叫派生法。•二、方法•1.加在前unhappy,impolite,asleep,endanger…•2.加在后actor,hopeless,policeman,imagination…•3.既加前又加后unlucky,disagreement…•三、类别•1.前缀(一般只改变词义，不改变词性)•2.后缀(一般只改变词性，不改变词义)•20常见前缀1—改变词类构成方式例词a.a-加在名词前构成形容词或副词asleep,aboard,aside…b.be-加在名词或形容词前构成动词befriend,bewitch,behead…c.em-加在名词前构成动词embark,embed,empower…d.en-加在名词前构成动词endanger,encourage…e.en-加在形容词前构成动词enrich,enlarge,endear…f.out-加在名词或形容词前构成动词outsmart,outnumber…21睡着的在船上在旁边帮助蛊惑砍头使从事使嵌入使能够危及鼓励使富裕扩大使亲密智胜比…多常见前缀2—构成反义构成方式例词un-unable,uncertain,unhappy,unluckily,undoil-illegal,illogical,illiterate…im-impolite,impossible,impatient…in-informal,independent,injustice…ir-irregular,irresponsible,irresistible…dis-disadvantage,disorder,dislike…22不能的不确定的不幸地松开违法的不合逻辑的不识字的无礼的不可能的没耐心的非正式的独立的不公正不规则的不负责任的不可抗拒的缺点杂乱不喜欢常见前缀3—特定意思构成方式例词anti-(反)antiwar,anticancer,antipollution…auto-(自动)automatic,autotimer,auto-record…bi-(双)bicycle,binoculars…centi-(百分之一的)centimeter,centigram,centigrade…co-(共同)co-operate,co-edit,co-exit…down(向下)downstairs,downhill,downwards…ex-(以前的)ex-wife,ex-lover,ex-husband…fore-(前部的)forehead,foreleg,forearm…full-(完全)full-time,full-speed,full-strength…23常见后缀1—名词后缀后缀例词-anAsian,American,Russian,African…-anceattendance,performance,assistance…-ationeducation,examination,pronunciation…-domfreedom,kingdom,wisdom,boredom…-encedifference,preference,existence…-erdiver,writer,dancer,reporter…-eseChinese,Japanese,Portuguese…-essactress,princess,goddess,hostess…-hoodchildhood,neighborhood,motherhood…-ianmagician,musician,historian…24常见后缀1—名词后缀后缀例词-ionaction,decision,collection,creation…-istpianist,violinist,scientist,communist…-ityequality,majority…-manfireman,policeman,chairman,Englishman…-mentdevelopment,movement,arrangement…-nesshappiness,sadness,weakness…-oractor,sailor,visitor,director…-shipfriendship,leadership,ownership…-urepleasure,failure,pressure…workhomework,housework,schoolwork…25常见后缀2—形容词后缀后缀例词-ablevaluable,miserable,comfortable,loveable…-alnational,original,cultural,logical…-anAmerican,African,Korean,Canadian…-antimportant,pleasant,ignorant,t