最新高三英语高考英语语法课件：省略句

省略省略的概念：英语中的许多句子经常省去一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为省略。省略的目的：为了避免重复或是为了突出新的信息，并使上下文连接紧密。1.并列句中的省略：并列句中，如果后面分句有词或词组与前面分句的词或词组相同，可以省略后面分句中相同的词或词组，以避免重复。如：TheearththemoonandthemoonSomeofthem,butmostofthemdon’tattracts(attracts)attractslikeLiYuchuntheearth..likeLiYuchunJayChouplayingShuang-jiegunandLiYuchunmehappy,butmusthavebeenmusthavebeenlearningEnglish.hisadvicemadeHisadvicemadeJimangry.Theearthattractsthemoonand(attracts)themoontheearth.SomeofthemlikeLiYuchun,butmostofthemdon’t(likeLiYuchun).JayChoumusthavebeenplayingShuang-jiegunandLiYuchun(musthavebeen)learningEnglish.Hisadvicemademehappy,but(hisadvicemade)Jimangry.2.状语从句中的省略：1)在when，while，whenever，until，till，if，unless，asif/asthough，evenif/eventhough，although，though，whether等引导的状语从句中，若主语与主句主语相同或是it，且谓语中有be动词，则状语从句的主语和be动词常常同时被省略。如：共享Don’ttalkwhileHewon’tcomeunlessTomlookedaboutasifTheiropinions,whetherAnswerthesequestions,ifwithoutreferringtothebook.Whensomething.youareeating.heisinvited.hewere/wasinsearchoftheyarerightorwrong,shouldbeconsidered.rightorwrong,shouldbeconsidered.something.itispossible,necessary,IcanhelpyoudoitisDon’ttalkwhile(youare)eating.Hewon’tcomeunless(heis)invited.Tomlookedaboutasif(hewere/was)insearchofsomething.Theiropinions,whether(theyare)rightorwrong,shouldbeconsidered.Answerthesequestions,if(itis)possible,withoutreferringtothebook.Whennecessary,Icanhelpyoudosomething.(itis)2)在however，whatever，nomatterwhat等引导的让步状语从句中和as，than引导的比较状语从句中，常省略某些成分。如：Imustgetitdone,whateverthecost(maybe).Anyone,nomatterwho(heis),maypointoutmyshortcomings.Hewantedtotakenorisks,howeversmalltheywere他再小的险也不想冒。.3)虚拟条件句中如有were,had,should,可省略if,将were,had,should提前构成部分倒装。如:如果我是你的话，我就会努力学习。IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.__________,Iwouldstudyhard.早知如此，我就不来了。IfIhadknownit,Iwouldnothavecome._____________,Iwouldnothavecome.如果你明天遇到周杰伦，你会对他说什么?IfyoushouldmeetJayChoutomorrow,whatwouldyousaytohim?_______________JayChoutomorrow,whatwouldyousaytohim?ShouldyoumeetHadIknownitWereIyou3.定语从句中的省略：1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略。如：我最喜欢的电影明星是李小龙。ThefilmstarIlikemostisBruceLee.我们有使我们感到骄傲的历史。Wehaveahistoryweareproudof.(whom/who/that)(which/that)判断正误：这是我的妻子，我的一切都归功于她。Thisismywife,Ioweeverythingto.()见到她的那天是我一生中最伟大的日子。ThedayIsawherwasthegreatestofmylife.()注意：关系代词引导非限制性定语从句，即使在从句中作宾语，_________。“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词_________。√whom/who∧×onwhich不可省略不可省略2)定语从句中的“主语(关系代词)+be”可以省略。如：那个国家讲的是什么语言？What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?What’sthelanguagespokeninthatcountry?我从未见过如此聪明勤奋的学生。NeverhaveIseenastudentsosmartandhardworking.NeverhaveIseenastudentsosmartandhardworking.who/thatiswhich/thatis4.名词性从句中的省略：1)在say,know,think,believe,suppose,consider,find,decide等动词后面所接的一个宾语从句中，连词that可以省略；若后接多个宾语从句，只有第一个连词that可省略，其余的连词that不能省略。如：Ithink(that)youlikeme,doyou?我们的语文老师说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该把它背住。OurChineseteachersaid(that)thetextwasveryimportant_______________________________.andthatweshouldlearnitbyheart2)在与request,advise,suggest(建议),recommend(建议),demand,require,insist,order,command(命令)等词相关的名词性从句中，须用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。如：汤姆建议我们去看电影《功夫熊猫》。Tomsuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethemovieKungFuPanda.(______从句)Itwassuggestedthatwe(should)gotoseethemovieKungFuPanda.(______从句)Tommadethesuggestionthatwe(should)gotoseethemovieKungFuPanda.(______从句)Tom’ssuggestionwasthatwe(should)gotoseethemovieKungFuPanda.(______从句)宾语主语同位语表语5.动词不定式的省略：1)保留不定式符号to的场合：①不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见动词如want，like，love，care，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse,mean,agree,afford,forget，remember，try，manage等。如：对不起，伤害了你的感情。我不是故意的。I’msorryIhurtyourfeelings.I____________.didn’tmeanto②不定式在句中作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时，常见动词如ask，advise，persuade,tell,wish,allow,permit,force等。如：最后他们照我的话做了。AtlasttheydidasItoldthemto.(___补)如果不是迫不得已，他是不会娶她的。Hewouldnothavemarriedherifhehadnotbeenforcedto.(___补)她想来但她父母不让她来。(allow)Shewantstocomebutherparentswon’t___________.allowherto宾主2)可省略不定式符号to的场合：①主语部分或修饰主语的定语部分有实义动词do的各种形式，作表语的不定式可省略to，也可保留to。如：WhatI’dadviseyoutodoistakeexerciseeveryday.()ThemostimportantthingIshoulddois(to)giveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnaforeignlanguage.()主语从句中有实义动词do主语的定语从句中有实义动词do②不定式作表示“例外”的介词but，except等的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的各种形式时，须省略不定式符号to。如：TheynothingbutwatchTVlastnight.昨晚他们只看了电视，其他什么都没有干。Idon’twanttoanythingexcept________.除了帮助你们，我什么事情都不想做。Hehadnochoicebut________________.他别无选择，只能跟她说了真话。helpyoutotellherthetruthdiddo③在see,lookat,hear,listento,watch,notice，observe，feel，have，make，let等词后作宾语补足语时，须省略不定式符号to。如：昨天我又一次听玛丽动情地讲述她的爱情故事。YesterdayIlistenedtoMaryspeakmovinglyaboutherlovestoryonceagain.她的爱情故事总是让我哭泣。Herlovestoryalwaysmakesmecry.判断正误：Hewasseentocheatintheexam.()有人看见他考试作了弊。Hewasmadetoadmitthathehadcheatedintheexam.()他被迫承认他在考试中作弊。注:以上动词若可用于被动语态,不定式符号to不可省略。√√④why(not)dosth?结构中不定式省略to。Whynot_____________?为什么不留下来吃午饭呢？Wecanstartnow,sowhy_____?我们现在可以开始了，何必等呢？(意思是“不必要等”)stayforlunchwait6.介词的省略：一些和名词、形容词或动词一起搭配的介词常可省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：spend/wastetime(in)doing，losenotime(in)doing,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doing,bebusy(in)doing，stop/preventsb(from)doing等。如：Hespendsmostofhistime__________computergames.他把大部分时间都花在玩电脑游戏上了。(in)playingIhadnodifficulty/trouble__________myselfunderstood.我毫不费力地表达了我的意思。Nobodyca