动词不定式的基本用法

动词不定式的基本用法1.作主语2.作宾语3.作宾语补足语4.作定语5.作状语6.作表语7.作独立成分8.与疑问词等连用1不定式作主语(subject)Toseeistobelieve.Tokeepsmilingishealthyforyou.It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.若不定式太长,往往用it作形式主语,不定式后置。单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。•Earlytoriseisagoodhabit．•Togettherebybikeoftentakesushalfanhour.•Whenandwheretoholdthepartyhasn’tbeendecided.•Whentoholdthepartyandwheretoholdtheparty_________beendecided.haven’t2.作宾语•1)．不定式作宾语的动词有许多，如want,decide,intend,expect,learn,manage,plan,promise,refuse,threaten,fail,wish,hope,pretend,choose等等。•Imeantogothereatonce.•Ihopetofinishtheworkintime.•IplantogotoBeijingthissummer.•2).不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型为“主语+find(feel,think,believe,consider,etc)+it+形容词/名词+todosth”。•Ithinkitourdutytoobeythelaws.•Ifounditdifficulttoseehimhere.3)不定式用在介词but,except,后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Thereisnothingtodobutwait.(3).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.4．作宾语补足语•Heaskedmetogowithhim.•Hedidn’tallowmetogooutalone.【注意】在感官动词（see,hear,feel,listento,notice,watch,observe等）和使役动词let,have，make后的补足语中，不定式不带to。但这类句子变成被动语态时，必须带to。•Isawhimplayinthepark.•→Hewasseentoplayinthepark.•Thebossmadethosemenworkdayandnight.•→Thosemenweremadetoworkdayandnight.•Iheardhersingtoday．•→Shewasheardtosingtoday．3．作表语•不定式作表语常表示解释或表将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,job.•Toteachistolearn.•Myjobistohelpthepatient.•Myambitionistobecomeateacher.•Theoldmanseemstobesick.•【注意】如果在主语中（通常在主语从句或修饰主语的定语从句中）有实意动词do时，作表语的动词不定式省略to。•AllIwanttodonowisfillmystomach.1.something,anything,nothing,everything,noone等不定代词或名词后常用不定式做后置定语。e.g.Ihavesomethingtosay.Heisnotamantotelllies.Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.※(5).定语与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如不定式是不及物动词，则需加介词。Canyougivesomepaperto_________(write)?Ihavenojewelryto_________(wear).Heislookingforaroomto____________(live).Heneedsafriendto__________(play).Therearethreepairsofshoesforyouto_________(choose).writeonwearliveinplaywithchoosefrom动宾关系主谓关系同位关系2.当名词被thefirst,thelast,theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时eg:Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.动词不定式作状语•不定式作状语时，可表示目的，原因，结果或条件。如;•1：作目的状语•Iwenttheretoseeher.（为了看你）•Sheopenedthewindowtoletsomefreshairin.（为了让新鲜空气进来）作结果状语1：Heistootiredtogoanyfurther.2:Heisnotoldenoughtojointhearmy.他太累了以至于他再也走不动了。他太小了所以不能参军。作原因状语不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。（happysadsurprised等）1:I’msorrytotroubleyou.2:I’mgaldtoseeyou.下列结构常用带to的动词不定式。beable/ready/afraidtodosthIt’stimetodosthIttakessbsometimetodosth.can’twaittodosthIt’sadjfor/ofsbtodosth下列结构必须使用不带to的动词不定式。hadbetterdosth.make/letsbdosthwhynotdosth？wouldyoupleasedosth.wouldratherdosththandosth.一些动词不定式的谚语。Toseeistobelieve.Eattolive,butnotlivetoeat.It’snevertoooldtolearn.Nottoadvanceistogoback.眼见为实吃是为了活着，但是活着不是为了吃。活到老学到老（学海无涯）不进则退写出下列句子中不定式（短语）所作的成分1.Itisourdutytocleantheroom.2.Iwishtofinishthetaskontime.3.Westudyhardtogotoagooduniversity.4.Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.5.ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.6.Hecan’taffordtobuythebighouse.7.Tomakeupforlosttimeisnotpossible.8.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.9.Doyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestion?10.ItishardforustolearnEnglishwell.