基于语料库的英语中程度副词语义韵对比研究_唐丽玲

29　220104JournalofLanzhouJiaotongUniversityVol.29No.2Apr.2010　　:1001-4373(2010)02-0098-05＊唐丽玲(,　730070)　:采用基于语料库的“中介语对比分析法”,分别以中国学习者英语语料库(CLEC)和由MarkDavies开发的BYU-BNC①语料库为基础,利用WordSmithTools,以节点词rather和quite为例,将两个语料库中显著形容词搭配词的语义特征进行对比分析,调查中国英语学习者在书面语中程度副词与形容词搭配时所呈现出的语义韵特征。研究结果表明,中国大学生在程度副词搭配方面所呈现出的语义韵特征与本族语者的使用惯例之间有显著差异,可归纳为三个特征:1.典型搭配使用频率较低,且随意性较大;2.语义韵冲突,不和谐;3.词语搭配类型偏少,语义范围狭窄。:程度副词;语义韵;语义韵冲突;语义范围狭窄:H319.9　　　　　:A、,。,(nodeword),———(semanticprosody)。,(,2002b)。,、、,“”(semanticintensity)(,2002)。Stubbs(1996)(negativeprosody)、(neutralprosody)(mixedprosody)(positiveprosody)。,,、,fat。,,,career。,,,,,effect。,,,,。,,,(,2006)。,(CLEC)BYU-BNC,WordSmithTools,ratherquite,。、1.:1);2),。2.,(CLEC)。MarkDaviesBYU-BNC②。WordSmithTools,。Granger(1998),,。:＊:2009-10-20:2009(GZF2009XZDLW14):(1969-),,,。2:1)(node)。:WordSmith3.0CLEC;CLEC(,,2003)。,CLECratherquite,,。2)WordSmithToolsConcordanceCLEC,2,(span)(ratherquite)5(collocate),rather/quite+adj.“”。(MI)Z-score,,(sig-nificantcollocates)。,MI≥3Z≥2,,(:2003)。3)BYU-BNCcollocatesWORDratherquite,CONTEXT[aj＊],ratherquite,BYU-BNCZ,Z-score≥2ratherquite。、1.,CLECrather58(lexicalwords),BYU-BNC1204。MI≥3CLEC40,BYU-BNC100。CLECquite94(lexicalwords),BYU-BNC6852。MI≥3CLEC68,BYU-BNC125。1.2.。1　rather(%)(%)(%)CLEC29.35018.96BYU-BNC6.0686.867.07　　1,rather+adj.,,rath-er。,1,rather+adj.,rather。2　quite(%)(%)(%)CLEC4229.7825.53BYU-BNC79.168.312.5　　2,quite+adj.;CLEC,quite,,,,。2.(ratherquite),。1),,,(Fernando:1996)。,,。CLEC,,,,。3-4quiteBYU-BNCCLEC,“col-locate”(±5),“C1”,“C2”。,3Z20BYU-BNC,4MI32CLECquite。3-4quite,different,simple,nice,eas-y,clearhappy(3-4),。:,quitestraightforwardquite,,,quite,。2),CLEC,,,,。3-4quiteBYU-BNCCLEC。3,BYU-BNCquite:“straightforward,happy,distinct,nice,honest,sure,a-mazing,different,funny,extraordinary,remarkable,capable,9929interesting,clear,pleasant,unlike,simple,exciting,safe,eas-y”。sure,different,unlike,simple,,。,quite,“”,,quite。3　BYU-BNCquiteCollocateC1C2Z-scoreCollocateC1C2Z-scorestraightforward2014907.65remarkable34731042.85happy113396173.71capable48241372.78distinct31601623.63interesting94572552.70nice127564863.20clear249706442.64honest28551023.11pleasant2580652.60sure233108303.10unlike45531002.41amazing1857653.08simple137112832.32different4760615402.96exciting3266672.31funny43151362.93safe66711282.21extraordinary2862892.91easy144132712.184　CLECquiteCollocateC1C2MICollocateC1C2MIoptimistic1928.46impossible13225.67uncomfortable2228.25suitable13525.64convenient6137.37normal15525.44rare4227.32limited21624.96proud4827.13easy33134.93different855357.10wrong24324.79familiar8136.96difficult38934.69nervous6326.74necessary41134.61simple11036.52high56544.57common22266.50fast29524.51humane7426.50often103974.50nice9326.17small29724.50satisfied9926.08serious36824.19clear19235.71happy81244.05　　4CLECquite,,,。4quite20:、。10:optimistic,nice,convenient,proud,humane,satisfied,clear,suitable,happy,easy。7:uncomfortable,nervous,impossible,limited,wrong,difficult,serious。10:rare,different,familiar,simple,common,normal,necessa-ry,high,fast,often,small。,CLECquite,BYU-BNC。,quitequitewrong/difficult,,。3),(:2006)。,,,。5-6。5　BYU-BNCratherCollocateC1C2Z-scoreCollocateC1C2Z-scorenondescript75126.23ponderous9464.90ungainly8095.72staid8054.87racy7485.66sheepish8254.84jaundiced8675.25girlish8354.82nebulous8165.12cloudy270164.80one-sided211155.06ill-defined10464.76uninspiring7654.95seedy12274.75flippant7854.91prim10964.691002:6　CLECratherCollocateC1C2MICollocateC1C2MIflat2049.93poor35566.36theoretical3849.00sad12126.34boring4927.64bad55255.46expensive7227.02serious36824.73low16246.91high56524.11cold14536.66good329593.73　　5,BYU-BNCrather16:nondescript,ungainly,racy,jaundiced,nebu-lous,one-sided,uninspiring,flippant,ponderous,staid,sheep-ish,girlish,cloudy,ill-defined,seedy,prim”。cloudy,prim,racy,,rather。,,,。13,:、、(ungainly,ponderous,seedy,flippant,staid)、(one-sided,jaundiced)、(nebulous,ill-defined,uninspiring,nondescript)、(girlish,sheepish)　　6,ratherCLEC,(rathergood),,,,,(bad,poor),、。,、。、,,,;,,,,;,。:1);2)。,,,、,,,。:①　:②　::[1]　FernandoC.IdiomsandIdiomaticity[M].Oxford:OxfordUni-versityPress,1996.[2]　SinclairJ.Corpus,Concordance,Collocation[M].Oxford:Ox-fordUniversityPress,1991.[3]　StubbsM.TextandCorpusAnalysis[M].Oxford:BlackwellPublishersLtd,1996.[4]　.[J].,2003(4).[5]　.[J].,2007(4).[6]　.[J].,2004(4).[7]　,.Cause[J].,2005(3).[8]　.———CLEC[J].:,2008(4).[9]　.[M].:,2002.[10]　.[J].,2002(2).[11]　.[J].,2002(4).[12]　.[J].,2006(5).10129ACorpus-basedContrastiveStudyofSemanticProsodiesofAdverbsinLearnerEnglishTANGLi-ling(GansuPoliticalandLawInstitute,theSchoolofArts,Lanzhou,730070,China)Abstract:ThispaperisaCorpus-basedContrastiveStudyofthesemanticprosodicfeaturesofadverbsinlearners'English,basedonCLECandBYU-BNCandadoptingWordSmithTools,thepaper,takingthenodewordsratherandquiteasexample,givesacontrastiveanalysisonthesemanticprosodicfeaturesofthetwonodewordsshowingbythesignificantcollocatesobtainingfromthetwocorpora.TheresultsshowthatgreatdifferencesexistinthesemanticprosodyofadverbsbetweenChinesele