城市生态环境保护与可持续发展_

(Soils),2003,35(6):441~449210008X21F061.350195029%199541%54%199073%194910.6%32%40%~50%201069%~70%(1)[1,2]410(2)[2]Table2ComparisonineconomicgrossbetweencitiesGDP25523201543738221032.729286.943394.711522.18293.811532.26463522128953493.12883.41833.72260.41805.9995.0:2002Table1Growthofcitiesofallsizes1980198519902000153509224747.231408556.94282220302191.8281899.6533590.52702111.5842899.211937032186556.091081193.61781987.72893165.63524235.9222390353241240046715028.466322939.472001..:1998,101444235[3]67.68%63.38%55.52%199443.19%41.02%41.22%199430.02%29.35%24.67%[4][5]2%CO278%76%60%6111000201960302000604019607.525.3%20003250.45%4019606.620001319801.3420003.76201/32004050801/41/278m270.5m2(1995)30%38%,90m2,263m21/415540hm2500108kg[5](3)6443Table3Declininglandresourcesinthesuburbsofsomemetropolises1949hm2hm22000m28.67194919850.250.593213.440.6198019850.120.253300.1510.47198019540.190.233466.96.58195019890.14.0.083553.613.44195019860.170.333420.21:2001..:199154580901.5m22m278m2[6]10m2715m235NO246%CO63%HC74%56%86%96%79%89%PM101060%70%SO21999106pH40%pH5.670%80%19985011%7HgCdZnAsPb70%78%50%1361813.2%9.6%27.2%12.5%37.5%1318967.9%28(21.4%)67(50%)N-P1998199950006500km250%20200015PCB100%61µg/kg989µg/kg2002100%Cd30%40%10Zn517mg/kg544435CuZnPb1.52CdPbAsCuZn10%3HgCdAs50%32%8%10%[6]20100%41.7%199620011605106.48%5.16%199820004320137200010730%200180%100%10000mg/kg199982000163470200268092.6%7.6t3/42700t50%6.5t30%15.8%1.01.4t“”[7,8]ReduceReuseRecycle6445()91.8%7.1%102001GDP2.22020029[10]20IIIVIVV30038114EPA822-Z-99-0012001771016150km2202000198510010SO20.0290.038mg/m30.0540.070mg/m3101999pH4.875.5%3pH4.085.0%2000200296200μg/m3240μg/m3PbHgAs100.538.70.60mg/kg16446351.5μm88.9%2002200015100%28%24%50%CdAsHgCdPbAsCuZn10%CuCd10Zn517mg/kg5As5.0mg/kg10mg/kg20006.8%4PbCdCrAs33.1%6.5%20016626701997200128415573002002—3.7%19971998CODBOD3CODBOD19981997199919971999199819971998199919971999(P)(fi)44(P)19975.87919995.27119985.2263(fi)3fi3BODCODBOD19971999TSP0.3190.2990.281mg/m330.300mg/m35.0%11.0%SO2NO2SO2199719991998NO219981999199719971999P(fi)55P19974.55119984.46919996447Table4IntegratedindexesandloadcoefficientsofmajorpollutantsintheInnerQinhuaiRiver,Nanjingin1997~19991997pifi(%)1.34122.832.09835.720.23.442.2438.115.8791998pifi(%)1.45127.822.22542.610.163.141.3926.635.2261999pifi(%)1.2423.531.94136.810.152.841.9436.825.2713pifi(%)1.34424.632.08838.210.173.141.8634.125.4622001[11]Table5IntegratedindexesandloadcoefficientsofmajorpollutantsintheairoftheurbanareaofNanjingin1997~1999SO2NOXTSP1997pifi(%)1.0722.320.96021.141.59535.010.97921.534.5511998pifi(%)0.9020.141.02022.831.49533.511.05423.624.4891999pifi(%)0.91720.641.02022.931.40531.611.11124.924.4533pifi(%)0.9521.141.0022.231.50033.311.04823.324.4982001114.4533P0.0534.498TSPfi31pi312TSP625.1%19981999199719971999pH1998619981999Table6AcidrainsintheurbanareaofNanjingin1997–1999%%pH%199725.1-3.53.939.5()199839.8-14.73.3263.7()199931.1-8.53.949.5()2001[11]44835333643-6199915-9.5303“”1998576.5t79t7.3“”19986.58tCONOTSP194910.64%20.16%64491..,1997,9(1):34~392..:,2001,1~5463,,JohnToon..,2001,(6):8~94,..,1997,(6):6~95..,1997,(7):78~806,..,2003,35(3):182~1867,..,2001,16(1):13~168..,2001,32(4):525~5289..,2003,(4):246~10..,2003,18(4):493~49611,,,..,2001,14(3):36~3812..,1998,B:167~17113,,2000,(4):7~914..,2001,1(3):65~67PROTECTIONOFURBANECO-ENVIRONMENTANDSUSTAINABLEDEVELOPMENTZhaoQiguo(InstituteofSoilScienceChineseAcademyofSciencesNanjing210008)AbstractAbenignurbaneco-environmentisanindicatorofdevelopedeconomyandcivilizationofasociety.Ithas,therefore,becomeaprimarytaskofthecontemporarysocietytostrengthenconstructionoftheeco-environmentofcitiesandattachgreatimportancetosustainabledevelopmentofcities.Basedonelaborationofthestatusofurbandevelopmentandprotectionofeco-environment,correspondingstrategiesandcountermeasureswerebroughtforth.WiththeenvironmentpollutionintheeconomiczonesinthesoutheastcoastalregionandNanjingasexamplesforcasestudy,approachestoprotectionofurbaneco-environmentandrealizationofsustainabledevelopmentofurbaneconomywereexplored.KeywordsUrbaneco-environment,Sustainabledevelopment,Urbanization,Pollution