International-Trade

InternationalTrade一1.Define(定义)2.Produce(产生)3.Characteristics(特点)Internationaltradereferstothedifferentcountries(and/orregion)ofgoodsandservicesexchangedbetweenactivities.1.Define(定义)2、Produce(产生)国际贸易是在一定的历史条件下产生和发展起来的。形成国际贸易的两个基本条件是：Internationaltradeisproducedundercertainhistoricalconditionsanddeveloped.Formingtwobasicconditionsforinternationaltradeare:（1）社会生产力的发展；Thedevelopmentofsocialproductiveforces;（2）国家的形成。Formationofthecountry.3特点（Characteristics）（1）困难多Moredifficul（2）复杂程度高Highcomplexity.（3）风险大Riskybusiness二Theroleofinternationaltrade(国际贸易的作用)ABAimproveproductiontechnology,optimizethestructureofdomesticindustriesincreaserevenue,improvethelevelofbenefitsthedevelopmentofinternationaltrade,fortheGovernmenttoopenupsourcesofrevenuestrengtheneconomicties,promoteeconomicdevelopmentBregulatingtherelationshipbetweensupplyanddemandofnationalmarketspromotingfullutilizationofproductionfactorscomparativeadvantage,improveproductionefficiencyimportantforStatestoparticipateininternationaltradebasedoncomparativeadvantageandcomparativeadvantage三、分类•按商品的形态分•商品移动的方向分•按生产国和消费国在贸易中的关系分A.Bymovinginthedirectionofinternationaltradeofgoodscanbedivided.（按商品移动的方向国际贸易可划分为）Importtrade进口贸易Exporttrade出口贸易Transittrade过境贸易B、Byformsofcommoditytradecanbedivided.（按商品的形态国际贸易可划分为）Visibletrade有形贸易Invisibletrade无形贸易C、Therelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumercountriesintradeininternationaltradecanbedividedinto.(按生产国和消费国在贸易中的关系国际贸易可分为)直接贸易（Directtrade）间接贸易和转口贸易（Indirecttradeandentrepottrade）注意事项Process(流程)Remittingpartyhad4mainresponsibilities(托收当事人主要责任)结算方式（Themethodofpayment）跳转至17张三、Process(流程)Customerinquiries客户询盘Offerconsultation报价磋商Executedorders签立订单Releaseaproductionnotification下达生产通知Inspection验货Handlingcommodityinspection办理商检(Followingisshippingprocesses)（以下是船务流程）Remittingpartyhadfourmainresponsibilitiesareasfollows:(托收当事人有四个，主要责任如下)Theseller委托人Sendone-line寄单行Collectingbank代收行Thepayer付款人结算方式（Themethodofpayment）•Remittance:(containsthefollowingthree)汇付:(包含以下三种)•Wiretransfers电汇（T/T）•Mailtransfer信汇(M/T)•Demanddraft票汇(D/T)•Letterofcredit信用证（简称L/C）•Bill汇票•Promissorynotes本票•Check支票•Collection托收国际贸易与国内贸易•commonality共同性•difference不同性跳转至20张五、Internationaltradeanddomestictrade,commonality（国际贸易与国内贸易的共同性）inthesamepositionofsocialreproduction;在社会再生产中的地位相同thereisacommonmovementofgoods;有共同的商品运动方式thebasicfunctionsofthesame,andtheimpactofcommodityeconomicrulesandconstraints.基本职能相同，且都受商品经济规律的影响和制约。六、Thedifferencebetweeninternationaltradeanddomestictrade（国际贸易与国内贸易的区别）thecountry'seconomicpolicy;各国的经济政策不同rentlanguages,lawsandcustoms;语言、法律及风俗习惯不同currency,weightsandmeasures,thecustomssystemofdifferentbetweencountries;各国间货币、度量衡、海关制度等不同；。businessrisksininternationaltrademorethandomestictrade.国际贸易的商业风险大于国内贸易综上所述，国际贸易比国内贸易更复杂。Tosumup,morecomplexthandomestictradeininternationaltrade.课外拓展•关税的有效保护率EffectiveistheconceptofBaoHuLvbyCanadaeconomistC.L.Bobin1955firstbroughtout.60s,thistheorytendtomature,hencecited•有效保护率的概念是由加拿大经济学家C.L.巴伯于1955年首先提出来的。60年代，该理论趋于成熟，遂被引用。名义保护率•对一商品的名义保护率是由于实行保护而引起的国内市场价格超过国际市场价格的部分与国际市场价格的百分比。thenameofthecommodityBaoHuLvisbecauseofprotectionandcauseofthedomesticmarketpricesmorethantheinternationalmarketpriceofthepartandthepercentageoftheinternationalmarketprice.保护关税概述•保护关税是以保护本国工农业生产为主要目的而征收的关税，为财政关税的对称，是实现一国保护贸易政策的有效工具。•Protectivedutiesistoprotectitsindustrialandagriculturalproductionasthemainpurposeofthecollectionoftariffs,tariffforfinancialofsymmetry,istorealizeonecountrytoprotecttradepolicyeffectivetools.