国内外堆肥技术研究进展_综述_

,2003,30(1):109～112JournalofAnhuiAgriculturalUniversity()①余　群1,董红敏2,张肇鲲1(1.,230036;2.)　:国内外已经有很多成熟的堆肥技术。作者对这些技术进行了概括和总结,并介绍了堆肥设备中常用和最新的除臭、控制系统。:堆肥;发酵仓;参数控制;除臭设备　　:X712:A:1000-2197(2003)01-0109-04,。:[1]。,[2]。Manser[3]。1　1.1　,“”,[4]。,[5]。,,,,。1.2　,。[6]。,:,;,;;;,、[7]。:,;;,;,;,,,,;,[8]。,。1993,32121.5%[9]。1993121,90[10]。[11]。1.3　。,Epstein,[12]。[13]。,,[14]。,,,,[15]。,,。:;。:;,;①:2002-01-16:(1979-),,。DOI:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.2003.01.024,;,,2～3;,,[16]。,,,,。,。,,[17]。。,——SPDC,Beltsville。1993,321136,42.3%[9]。1993199231,15,48.4%[10]。[19]。2　,,[18]。。,:、。:、;:、[20]。(USEPA):(plugflow)(dynamic)。,、,。,。,:、、;:、[19]。2.1　。,,,。,,。。,,。,[21]。2.2　。。,,,[19]。。,[11]。2.3　[22]。2.3.1　推流式　,,,[23]。2.3.2　分隔式　,,,,,、,[24]。,:,;(、、),;;,,;[19]。:,(、)、;,,、,;,,。3　、,,[25]。3.1　3.1.1　自然通风　,。,,[21]。3.1.2　被动通风　“”。(passivelyaeratedwindow)。,。11020033.3.3　强制通风　、、。。、76%:,,;,55℃;,,,[26]。3.2　,,,。:3.2.1　时间控制　,1/2～1/3,1/2～1/3,:10min,10～20min[27]。,,,,,,。3.2.2　温度控制　,,(54～60℃)。,,,,。,,。3.2.3　时间-温度控制　-,60℃,;60℃,。-,、,(55℃),;55℃,,,;,。,,,,,。3.2.4　O2或CO2含量的反馈控制　,。,,,,,[28]。3.2.5　O2与温度反馈组成的混合控制　O2,,(fullcontrolsystem)(temperaturecontrolsystem)[29]。,,,、,[31]。:;,。,-[28]。,O2。;-。,-;,-、、。、,-(60℃);O2(O215%～25%)。,-[9]。4　,[19]。:(1);(2);(3);(4);(5)[4]。,。,。[3]。,,,,95%[30]。、、[3]。(40%～60%)[12]。,[4]。5　,、,,。,,、,。,、、、。111301　　():[1].[M].:,1990[2]HaugRT.ThePracticalHandbookofCompostEngineering[M].LewisPublishers,1993.2[3]StentifordEI,Pereira-NetoJTandMaraDD.LowCostComposting:ResearchMonographsinTropicalPubicHealthEngineering[R].DepartmentofCivilEngineering,UniversityofLeeds.1996[4],,.[J].,1999,7(3):11～23[5],.[M].:,2000[6],.[M].:,1990[7].[J].,1998(3):22～24[8],,,.,2000,21(2):101～104[9].[M].:,2000[10],,,.[J].,2000,13(5):17～20[11],,,.[J].,2001,22(3):54～59[12].DANO[J].,1991,10(12):10～13[13],.[J].,1999,18(10):478～480[14]KuchenrithRD,MartinWJ,SmithDG,etal.Designandoperationofanaeratedwindrowcompostingfacility[J].JournalWPCF,1985,57(3):213～219[15].[D].:,1998[16].[J].,1985,7(4):29～34[17].[J].,1994,15(1):53～56[18]BertoldiMde,ValliniGandPeraA.Thebiologyofcomposting:areview[J].WasteManagement&Research,1983,1:157～176[19]EpsteinE,WillsonGB,BurgeWD,etal.Aforcedaerationsystemsforcompostingwastewatersludge[J].JournalWPCF,1976,48(4):668～694[20]EpsteinE,AlpertJE.Composting:engineeringpracticesandeconomicanalysis[J].WatSciTech,1983,15:157～167[21]USEPA.Compostingfacilitydesign[A].In:CompostingofMunicipalWastewaterSludges[C].1985.3[22],,,.[J].,2000,1(6):45～52[23],,.[J].,2001,17(1):19～22[24],.[M].:,2000[25],,,.[J].,2000,1(3):1～9[26]PosJ.In-vesselcompostingsystems(abriefcomparison)[J].JackPos&AssociatesLtdGuelphSciTechnol,1991,29:896～902[27]StentifordEI.Compostingcontrol:principlesandpractice[A].In:TheScienceofCompostingedbyMdeBertoldi,PaoloSequi,BertLemmesandTizianoPapi[C].BlackieAcademic&Professional.1996.49～59[28]Pereira-NetoJT,StentifoldEIandMaraDD.Lowcostcontroledcompostingofrefuseandsewagesludge[J].WatSciTech,1987,19:839～846[29]AlpertJEandEpsteinE.Designproblemsandsolutionsatstaticpilecompostfacilities[A].ProceedingsoftheNationalConferenceonMunicipalTreatmentPlantSludgeManagement[C].May28～30,Orlando,Florida.1986.222～226[30]FinsteinMS,MillerFC,StromPF.Monitoringandevaluationcompostingprocessperformance[J].JournalWPCF,1986,58(4):272～2781122003