舍伍德・安德森人生及作品

••SherwoodAnderson(1876-1941)Lifeexperience•BornintoapoorfamilyinsouthernOhio,thethirdofsevenchildreninafamily•ThefamilywasforcedtomoveshortlyafterSherwoodwasbornbecausehisfather'ssmallbusinesshadfailed.•TheyfinallysettledpermanentlyinClyde,Ohioin1884.•Duetothefinancialdifficulties,Anderson'sfatherbegandrinkingheavily.•Whenhewas12yearsold,hebegantotakeonoddjobs.•Hefinallylefthighschoolbeforegraduating.•HeworkedasamanuallaboreruntilenrollinginthearmyforserviceinCubaduringtheSpanish-AmericanWar.•Whenhereturnedtothestates,hecompletedhishighschooleducation.•ThisledtoanewjobinChicagoasancopywriterandsolicitor.•Duringthistime,hewroteandpublishednumerousessaysonavarietyoftopics,rangingfrombusinesstoliterature.•Inthefollowingyears,hemarried,hadthreechildren,andbecameasuccessfulbusinessman.•36,Andersonstoppedhiswork,lefthisofficeandneverreturned.•Heisquotedaswriting,Iwasabusinessmanandgotsickofit,andwentintowriting,nottomakeasuccess,buttogivemyselfaninterestinlife•Hedivorcedandremarriedforfourtimes.•OnMarch8,1941,onhiswaytoagoodwilltourofSouthAmerica,Andersondied.Hehadswallowedabitofatoothpickatafarewellparty,whichthenpenetratinghisintestines,causingtheperitonitisthatkilledhim.HisLiteraryCareer•TheliteraryoutputofSherwoodAndersonisabundant.•Hepublishedeightnovels,fourcollectionsofshortstories,threebooksofpoemsandplays,morethan300articles,reviewsandessays,andthreevolumesofautobiography.•Uponhisdeathin1941heleftbehindelevenhundredmanuscripts,includingunpublishedfictionandjournals,andover12,000letterswrittentoandbymostoftheartisticandintellectualleadersofthetwentiethcentury•SherwoodAndersonleftbehindasubstantialamountofwork,includingshortfiction,novels,plays,essays,andmemoirs.HeisbestknownforhisworkWinesburg,Ohio(1919),acollectionofstoriesaboutcharactersinafictionalsmalltown.Winesburg,OhioAndersonandOhio•Winesburg,OhioAgroupofrelatedshortstoriesratherthananovel.Individualtalesareconnectedinaloosebutcoherentstructure.isacollectionofisolatedstoriesbut,rather,shortstorycycles;thatis,collectionsofstorieswithcommonthemes,imagery,andtone,andoftenwithcommonsettingandcharactersNarrator:naïveandyoungreporterforthelocalnewspaper,GeorgeWillard.Portraysaseriesofgrotesques.•ManyofthetaleswerebasedonalifeAndersonhadwitnessedinClyde,Ohio,thetownwherehespentmostofhischildhoodandadolescentyears.•TheimpressionshegainedfromthetownlifeandcharacterofClydeexplainswhyhegavethebookthesubtitle,AGroupofTalesofOhioSmallTownLife.•MalcolmCowleydescribesthisworkas...aworkoflove,anattempttobreakdownthewallsthatdivideonepersonfromanother,andalso,initsownfashion,acelebrationofsmall-townlifeinthelostdaysofgoodwillandinnocence(15).MainCharacters•Lowerclassfiguresfromsmalltown•Unsuccessful,depraved,lonelypeopleWhatcausedthemtobecomegrotesques?•Americapassedfromaruraltoapredominantlyindustrialsociety.Thesocialtransitionhadbeenapainfulexperienceinsmalltowns.Thecomingofthemachineindustryputlotsofcraftsmanoutofbusiness,tookawaytheirprideandjoyinachievement.Theblindbeliefofmaterialismmingledwithafeelingofdoubtandfearamongthesmalltownresidents.Industrializationdehumanizedthemenandwomenandmadethemgrotesquesandunabletocommunicateandlove.•Clingingtosomeconventionalbeliefsandlivingbytheirowntruth,theywerefrustratedbytheirunfulfillmentoftheirpassionsanddreams•Theybecameverylonelyandeventually,theyareturnedintogrotesquesbytheirinabilitytoexpresstheirideastoothersandbymisunderstandingbetweenlovers,friends,motherandsonandsoon.•thenthesenseofalienation,loneliness,andwantofloveandunderstandingturnedpeopleintogrotesques.•Winesburgasamicrocosmoftheuniversal:ThefiguresofWinesburgwereforcedtohandleissuesandeventswhichpeopleuniversallyunderwent.Manycommonthreadsbetweenmanandbetweentheselfinrelationtotheworldexistwhichthegrotesquefiguresdealwithinamannertowhichanyreadercouldrelate.WinesburgthenbecomesAnyTown,USAandthecharacterssymbolizeflawsandstrugglesintheuniversalhumanexperience.Winesburgfunctionssynecdochallyforthetypicalhumancommunity.themeExposethedamagesbyindustrializationtoinhabitantsofMiddleWesternsmalltowns•Theyaretwistedspiritually.•.style•Hepaidlessattentiontotheplotsandmoretothecharacters.•beginnowhereandendednowhere）•“未详其始不知所终”•directauthorialaddresstothereader;acircular,notlinear,narrativestructure;plotsubordinatedtocharacterization;simplestyleandvocabulary;andimagesdrawnfromelementalaspectsofnature.•depicttheunderbellyofAmericanlife,reflectingtheprivateterrorsandyearningsbeneaththewholesomeveneeroflifeinMiddleAmerica(1).Inadditiontocreatinghisowneccentriccharacters,Andersonalsohadastyleallhisown.Hedidnothavetheformaltrainingoreducationtypicalofmostrespectedwritersofthetime;indeedheusedeverydaywordsinsimplesentencesashistrademark.Inhismemoirs,Andersonexplainshiswordchoice:Therewasthelanguageofthestreets,ofAmericantownsandcities,ofthefactoriesandwarehouseswhereIhadworked(13).