外研版高中英语选修六Module_2_priod3_语法

GrammarModule2FantasyLiterature动词的-ing形式作状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬，它可表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随动作，相当于相对应的状语从句。动词的-ing形式作状语Lookatthefollowingsentencesandtellmetheformoftheunderlinedverb:1）Hearingthenews,heburstoutlaughter.（时间）2）Notknowingtheaddress,Ican’tgetintouchwithher.（原因）3）Hecamerunning.（伴随）4）Herhusbanddied,leavingher4children.（结果）5）Hesattherereadingabook.（伴随）6）Workinghard,youwillsucceed.（条件）7）Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk.(时间）主动被动一般式(not)doing(not)beingdone完成式(not)havingdone(not)havingbeendone语态时态v-ing形式的时态和语态v-ing的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生、几乎同时发生。Walkingdownthevalley,theycameacrossabigcave.Hearingthenews,sheburstoutcrying.v-ing的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生。Havingworkedforthreehours,wetookarest.Havinglivedtherefordozensofyears,heknowsthecitywell.v-ing的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言，在意义上是被动的。I’dliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.Havingbeenshownthelab,thevisitorlookedaroundthestadium.用法1：表示时间，多置于句首，也可置于句末e.g.Walkinginthestreet,Imetafriendofmine.用法2：表示原因，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中e.g.1)Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.2)Sheranghimup,hopingtogethissupport.3)Theboy,beingverypolite,waslovedbymanyteachers.用法3：表示条件，多置于句首e.g.Workinghard,youwillsucceed.用法4：表示让步，多置于句首e.g.Beingpoor,theoldmanwashappy.=Thoughtheoldmanwaspoor,hewashappy.用法5：表示结果，常置于句末e.g.Theboyfelloffhisbike,breakinghisrightarm.Hehurriedtogettothestation，onlytofindthefilmstarhadleft.用法6：表示方式或伴随,多置于句末，也可置于句首e.g.1)Hesatatthetable,readingamagazine.2)Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.用法7：为强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词when,while等;为强调在谓语动词的动作之前或之后发生,在-ing形式短语前可用连词before或aftere.g.1)Becarefulwhencrossingtheroad.2)Don’tlaughwhileeating.3)Beforegoingabroad,helivedhere.4)AfterwatchingTV,hewenttobed.用法8：在-ing形式短语前可用介词on,表示“一……就……”e.g.OnarrivinginBeijing,hewenttoseehisuncle用法9：为了强调结果，可在-ing形式前加副词thuse.g.Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,thuscausingthedelay.用法10：在-ing形式短语前可用though/although表示让步e.g.Thoughworkingveryhard,hecouldn’tmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebt.=Thoughheworkedveryhard,hecouldn’tmakeenoughmoneytopayoffhisdebt.独立主格：现在分词/过去分词名词/代词+形容词/副词介词短语e.g.:Thesignalgiven,thetrainleftout.Weatherpermitting,we’llgooutforawalk.Homeworkfinished,hewentout.判断分词的方法：主要找准分词与其逻辑主语的关系1.分词作状语：当其逻辑主语与句子主语一致时，看分词与句子主语的关系；当其逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，看分词与自己逻辑主语的关系。2.作宾补：同13.分词作定语：则看其与限定的词的关系分词与不定式的的否定：在其前直接加not•动词ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系，动词ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。（一个主语多个动作。）注意1Whilereadingthebook,thetelephonerang.2Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.改错Whileshewasreadingthebook,thetelephonerang.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,wefoundabeautifulgarden.1.Unless______tospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.A.invitedB.invitingC.beinginvitedD.havinginvited2.______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.SufferingB.HavingsufferedC.TosufferD.Suffered3.Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget______bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay4.Thewildflowerslookedlikeasoftorangeblanket____thedesert.A.coveringB.coveredC.coverD.tocover5.Victorapologizedfor____toinformmeofthechangeoftheplan.A.hisbeingnoableB.hisnotbeingableC.himnottobeableD.himtobenotableABCAB