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初中生必背古诗文61首义务教育语文课程标准(2011年版)指定背诵篇目1、关雎《诗经》关guān关guān/雎jū鸠jiū,在zài/河hé/之zhī洲zhōu。窈yǎo窕tiǎo/淑shū女nǚ,君jūn子zǐ/好hào逑qiú。参cēn差cī/荇xìng菜cài,左zuǒ右yòu/流liú之zhī。窈yǎo窕tiǎo/淑shū女nǚ,寤wù寐mèi/求qiú之zhī。求qiú之zhī/不bù得dé,寤wù寐mèi/思sī服fú。悠yōu哉zāi/悠yōu哉zāi,辗zhǎn转zhuǎn/反fǎn侧cè。参cēn差cī/荇xìng菜cài,左zuǒ右yòu/采cǎi之zhī。窈yǎo窕tiǎo/淑shū女nǚ,琴qín瑟sè/友yǒu之zhī。参cēn差cī/荇xìng菜cài,左zuǒ右yòu/芼mào之zhī。窈yǎo窕tiǎo/淑shū女nǚ,钟zhōng鼓gǔ/乐lè之zhī。2、蒹葭《诗经》蒹jiān葭jiā/苍cāng苍cāng,白bái露lù/为wéi霜shuāng。所suǒ谓wèi/伊yī人rén,在zài水shuǐ/一yì方fāng。溯sù洄huí/从cóng之zhī,道dào/阻zǔ/且qiě长cháng。溯sù游yóu/从cóng之zhī,宛wǎn在zài/水shuǐ/中zhōng央yāng。蒹jiān葭jiā/萋qī萋qī,白bái露lù/未wèi晞xī。所suǒ谓wèi/伊yī人rén,在zài水shuǐ/之zhī湄méi。溯sù洄huí/从cóng之zhī,道dào/阻zǔ/且qiě跻jī。溯sù游yóu/从cóng之zhī,宛wǎn在zài/水shuǐ/中zhōng坻chí。蒹jiān葭jiā/采采cǎicǎi,白露báilù/未wèi已yǐ。所suǒ谓wèi/伊yī人rén,在zài水shuǐ/之zhī涘sì。溯sù洄huí从cóng之zhī,道dào阻zǔ且qiě右yòu。溯sù游yóu/从cóng之zhī,宛wǎn在zài/水shuǐ/中zhōng沚zhǐ。3、十五从军征汉乐府十五shíwǔ/从军cóngjūn/征zhēng,八十bāshí/始shǐ得dé/归guī。道dào逢féng/乡里xiānglǐ/人rén:“家jiā中zhōng/有yǒu/阿e谁shuí?”“遥yáo望wàng/是shì/君jūn家jiā,松sōng柏bǎi/冢zhǒng/累lěi累lěi。”兔tù从cóng/狗gǒu窦dòu/入rù,雉zhì从cóng/梁liáng上shàng/飞fēi,中庭zhōngtíng/生shēng/旅lǚ谷gǔ,井jǐng上shàng/生shēng/旅lǚ葵kuí。舂chōng谷gǔ/持chí/作饭zuòfàn,采cǎi葵kuí/持chí/作zuò羹gēng。羹gēng饭fàn/一yì时shí/熟shú,不bù知zhī/贻yí阿e/谁shuí。出chū门mén/东dōng向xiàng/看kàn,泪lèi落luò/沾zhān/我wǒ衣yī。4、观沧海(三国)曹操东dōng临lín/碣jié石shí,以yǐ观guān/沧cāng海hǎi。水shuǐ何hé/澹dàn澹dàn,山shān岛dǎo/竦sǒng峙zhì。树shù木mù/丛cóng生shēng,百bǎi草cǎo/丰fēng茂mào。秋qiū风fēng/萧xiāo瑟sè,洪hóng波bō/涌yǒng起qǐ。日rì月yuè/之zhī行xíng,若ruò出chū/其qí中zhōng;星xīng汉hàn/灿càn烂làn,若ruò出chū/其qí里lǐ。幸xìng/甚shèn至zhì哉zāi,歌gē/以yǐ咏yǒng志zhì。5、木兰诗北朝民歌唧jī唧jī/复fù/唧jī唧jī,木mù兰lán/当dāng/户hù织zhī,不bù闻wén/机jī杼zhù/声shēng,惟wéi闻wén/女nǚ/叹tàn息xī。问wèn女nǚ/何hé所suǒ/思sī,问wèn女nǚ/何hé所suǒ/忆yì。女nǚ亦yì/无wú/所suǒ思sī,女nǚ亦yì/无wú/所suǒ忆yì。昨zuó夜yè/见jiàn/军jūn帖tiě,可kè汗hán/大dà/点diǎn兵bīng,军jūn书shū/十二shíèr/卷juàn,卷juàn卷juàn/有yǒu/爷yé名míng。阿ā爷yé/无wú/大dà儿ér,木mù兰lán/无wú/长zhǎng兄xiōng,愿yuàn为wèi/市shì/鞍ān马mǎ,从cóng此cǐ/替tì爷yé/征zhēng。东dōng市shì/买mǎi/骏jùn马mǎ,西xī市shì/买mǎi/鞍ān鞯jiān,南nán市shì/买mǎi/辔pèi头tóu,北běi市shì/买mǎi/长cháng鞭biān。旦dàn辞cí/爷yé娘niáng去qù,暮mù宿sù/黄huáng河hé/边biān,不bù闻wén/爷yé娘niáng/唤huàn女nǚ声shēng,但dàn闻wén/黄huáng河hé流liú水shuǐ/鸣míng溅jiān溅jiān。旦dàn辞cí/黄huáng河hé去qù,暮mù至zhì/黑hēi山shān/头tóu,不bù闻wén爷yé娘niáng/唤huàn女nǚ声shēng,但dàn闻wén/燕yān山shān/胡hú骑jì/鸣míng啾jiū啾jiū。万wàn里lǐ/赴fù/戎机róngjī,关山guānshān/度dù/若ruò飞fēi。朔shuò气qì/传chuán/金jīn柝tuò,寒hán光guāng/照zhào/铁tiě衣yī。将军jiāngjūn/百bǎi战死zhànsǐ,壮士zhuàngshì/十年shínián/归guī。归guī来lái/见jiàn/天tiān子zǐ,天tiān子zǐ/坐zuò/明míng堂táng。策cè勋xūn/十shí二èr/转zhuǎn,赏shǎng赐cì/百bǎi千qiān/强qiáng。可kè汗hán/问wèn/所suǒ欲yù,木mù兰lán/不bú用yòng/尚shàng书shū郎láng;愿yuàn/驰chí/千qiān里lǐ足zú,送sòng儿ér/还huán/故gù乡xiāng。爷yé娘niáng/闻wén女nǚ/来lái,出chū郭guō/相xiāng/扶fú将jiāng;阿ā姊zǐ/闻wén妹mèi/来lái,当dāng户hù/理lǐ红hóng妆zhuāng;小xiǎo弟dì/闻wén姊zǐ/来lái,磨mó刀dāo/霍huò霍huò/向xiàng猪zhū羊yáng。开kāi我wǒ/东dōng阁gé/门mén,坐zuò我wǒ/西xī阁gé/床chuáng,脱tuō我wǒ/战zhàn时shí/袍páo,著zhuó我wǒ/旧时jiùshí/裳cháng,当dāng窗chuāng/理lǐ/云yún鬓bìn,对duì镜jìng/帖tiē/花huā黄huáng。出chū门mén/看kàn/火huǒ伴bàn,火huǒ伴bàn/皆jiē/惊jīng忙máng:同tóng行xíng/十shí二èr/年nián,不bù知zhī/木mù兰lán/是shì/女nǚ郎láng。雄xióng兔tù/脚jiǎo/扑pū朔shuò,雌cí兔tù/眼yǎn/迷mí离lí;双shuāng兔tù/傍bàng地dì/走zǒu,安ān能néng/辨biàn我wǒ/是shì/雄xióng雌cí?6、饮酒(其五)(晋)陶渊明结jié庐lú/在zài/人rén境jìng,而ér无wú/车chē马mǎ/喧xuān。问wèn君jūn/何hé/能néng尔ěr?心xīn远yuǎn/地dì/自zì偏piān。采cǎi菊jú/东dōng篱lí/下xià,悠然yōurán/见jiàn/南nán山shān。山shān气qì/日rì夕xī/佳jiā,飞fēi鸟niǎo/相xiāng与yǔ/还huán。此cǐ中zhōng/有yǒu/真zhēn意yì,欲yù辨biàn/已yǐ/忘wàng言yán。7、送杜少府之任蜀州(唐)王勃城chéng阙què/辅fǔ/三sān秦qín,风fēng烟yān/望wàng/五wǔ津jīn。与yǔ君jūn/离lí别bié/意yì,同tóng是shì/宦huàn游yóu/人rén。海hǎi内nèi/存cún/知zhī己jǐ,天tiān涯yá/若ruò/比bǐ邻lín。无wú为wéi/在zài/歧qí路lù,儿ér女nǚ/共gòng/沾zhān巾jīn。8、登幽州台歌(唐)陈子昂前qián/不bú见jiàn/古gǔ人rén,后hòu/不bú见jiàn/来lái者zhě。念niàn/天tiān地dì/之zhī/悠yōu悠yōu,独dú/怆chuàng然rán/而ér/涕tì下xià!9、次北固山下(唐)王湾客kè路lù/青qīng山shān/外wài,行xíng舟zhōu/绿lǜ水shuǐ/前qián。潮cháo平píng/两liǎng/岸àn阔kuò,风fēng正zhèng/一yì帆fān/悬xuán。海hǎi日rì/生shēng/残cán夜yè,江jiāng春chūn/入rù/旧jiù年nián。乡xiāng书shū/何hé处chù/达dá?归guī雁yàn/洛luò阳yáng/边biān。10、使至塞上(唐)王维单dān车chē/欲yù/问wèn边biān,属shǔ国guó/过guò/居jū延yán。征zhēng蓬péng/出chū/汉hàn塞sài,归guī雁yàn/入rù/胡hú天tiān。大dà漠mò/孤gū烟yān/直zhí,长cháng河hé/落luò/日rì圆yuán。萧xiāo关guān/逢féng/候hòu骑qí,都dū护hù/在zài/燕yàn然rán。11、闻王昌龄左迁龙标遥有此寄(唐)李白杨yáng花huā/落luò尽jìn/子zǐ规guī/啼tí,闻wén道dào/龙lóng标biāo/过guò/五wǔ溪xī。我wǒ寄jì/愁chóu心xīn/与yǔ/明míng月yuè,随suí君jūn/直zhí到dào/夜yè郎láng/西xī。12、春望(唐)杜甫国guó破pò/山shān河hé/在zài,城chéng春chūn/草cǎo木mù/深shēn。感gǎn时shí/花huā/溅jiàn泪lèi,恨hèn别bié/鸟niǎo/惊jīng心xīn。烽fēng火huǒ/连lián/三sān月yuè,家jiā书shū/抵dǐ/万wàn金jīn。白bái头tóu/搔sāo/更gèng短duǎn,浑hún欲yù/不bú/胜shèng簪zān。13、黄鹤楼(唐)崔颢昔xī人rén/已yǐ乘chéng/黄huáng鹤hè去qù,此cǐ地dì/空kōng余yú/黄huánɡ鹤hè/楼lóu。黄huáng鹤hè/一yí去qù/不bú/复fù返fǎn,白bái云yún/千qiān载zǎi/空kōng/悠yōu悠yōu。晴qíng川chuān/历lì历lì/汉hàn阳yáng/树shù,芳fāng草cǎo/萋qī萋qī/鹦yīng鹉wǔ/洲zhōu。日rì暮mù/乡xiāng关guān/何hé处chù/是shì?烟yān波bō/江jiāng上shàng/使shǐ人rén/愁chóu。14、望岳(唐)杜甫岱dài宗zōng/夫fú/如rú何hé?齐qí鲁lǔ/青qīng/未wèi了liǎo。造zào化huà/钟zhōng/神shén秀xiù,阴yīn阳yáng/割gē/昏hūn晓xiǎo。荡dàng胸xiōng/生shēng/曾céng云yún,决jué眦zì/入rù/归guī鸟niǎo。会huì当dāng/凌líng/绝jué顶dǐng,一yì览lǎn/众zhòng山shān/小xiǎo。15、行路难(唐)李白金jīn樽zūn/清酒qīngjiǔ/斗dǒu/十千shíqiān,玉yù盘pán/珍zhēn羞xiū/直zhí/万wàn钱qián。停tíng杯bēi/投tóu箸zhù/不bù能néng/食shí,拔bá剑jiàn/四sì顾gù/心xīn/茫máng然rán。欲yù渡dù/黄hu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