浅谈工程项目建设各阶段的造价控制的外文文献

1DiscussiononprojectconstructionstageconstructioncostcontrolAbstract：Foralongtime,peopleareaccustomedtothecostcontrolontheimplementationstageofconstruction,infact,inthewholeprocessofconstructionprojects,costcontrolthroughoutthevariousstages.Costcontrol,durationcontrol,qualitycontrol,etc.arerelatedtoeachother,tograspthecostcontrol,wemustgraspthequalityandprogressoftheproject.Projectcostcontrolisasetofeconomic,technicalandmanagementasoneoftheintegrateddisciplines,onlytoachieveacomprehensivebalanceofallpartiesinordertoachieveresults.Keywords:costcontrol,valueengineeringtechnologyandmanagement1.thedesignstageofthecostcontrolThedesignstageisthekeyandkeypointoftheconstructionprojectcostcontrol.Althoughthecostofconstructioncostsinconstructionprojectsaccountedforasmallproportionofthegeneralcostofonly1.5%to2%ofJian,buttheimpactontheprojectcostofupto75%.Reasonablescientificdesigncanreducetheprojectcostmorethan10%.However,intheengineeringdesign,manydesignersheavytechnology,lighteconomy,arbitrarilyimprovethesafetyfactorordesignstandards,andtheeconomicrationalitytoconsiderless,thusaffectingtheeffectivecontroloftheprojectcost.Forexample,ashoppingmallairconditioningsysteminthewinterdesigntemperatureof18℃tomeetthecomfortrequirements,designedby25℃toconsider,notonlycausedawaste,butalsonotmeetthephysiologicalrequirementsofthehumanbody.Thisdesignisunreasonable,resultinginacertainwaste,itisclearthatthevariouseconomicindicatorsoftheprojectisnotenoughattention.Therefore,theimpactofthedesignphaseontheprojectcostisextremelyimportant.1.1ImplementationofthedesignoftenderandpreferredchoiceofdesignunitsAndactivelyimplementtheconstructionprogramandeconomicprogramcombinationofthedesignofthetendermethod,theuseofanumberofdesignunitsbid,theorganizationoftheexpertscomprehensiveevaluation,sothatyoucanchooseagooddesignunit,butalsotopromotethedesignsideintheoveralllayoutoftheproject,Theuseoffunctionalinnovation,inreducingthecostoftheprojecteffort.1.2ApplicationofvalueengineeringoptimizationdesignInthedesignphaseoftheimplementationofvalueengineering,youcanplayacollective2wisdom,teamwork,getthebestdesign,buildingproductscanmakethefunctionmorereasonable,effectivecontrolofprojectcost,reducetheprojectlifeprojectlifecyclecosts.Inthedesignstage,thevalueoftheprojectshouldbeusedastheobjectofthevalueengineeringtomakethefunctionanalysisandfunctionevaluation.Thetargetcostoftheresearchobjectshouldbestudiedaccordingtotherequirementofthequotadesign.Basedonthefunctionalevaluationcoefficient,thetargetcostisdistributedtoeachfunction,andtheactualcostofeachfunctioniscomparedtostudythecostimprovementexpectationvalue.Accordingtotheresultsofthevalueanalysisandtheresultsofthetargetcostallocation,variousschemesareproposed,andtheoptimalschemeisselectedbytheweightedscoremethodtomakethedesignschememorereasonable.1.3TocarryoutthelimitdesigntoeffectivelycontrolthecostActivelyimplementthelimitdesign,improvethedesignofeconomicresponsibilitysystem.Designersshouldbefamiliarwithandgrasptheconstructionprojectbudgetquotaandcostquota,familiarwiththebudgetpriceofbuildingmaterials,andthenaccordingtotheprojectinvestmentestimatetheinitialdesignandbudgetestimates,andthentheinitialdesignestimatestocontroltheconstructiondesignandbudgetestimates.Therefore,theprofessionalinensuringthefunctionandtechnicalindicatorsunderthepremiseofawin-winstrategymustbedeveloped,areasonabledecompositionanduseofinvestmentlimits,financialdesignandconstructionplansasawholebudget,thetechnologyandeconomicintegration.Strictcontrolofdesignchangestoensurethatinvestmentlimitsarenoteasilybroken.Thecurrentprevalenceofdesignisnotrefined,thedepthofthesituationisnotenough.Thisisanuncertainfactorinincreasingthecostoftheproject.Asthedesignchangesfrequently,totheprojectcostcontroltobringsomedifficulty.Accordingtothedevelopmentexperienceandinvestmentestimationrequirements,youmusteffectivelydeterminethedesignlimit(cost,threematerialconsumptionindicators,etc.),andtheestablishmentofincentivesandincentivesincentives.Whichoftheprofessionalorwhichbreakthroughthecostoftheindex,wemustanalyzethereasons,withthedesigntomodifythesolutiontoovercomethekindofpaintingonly,regardlessofthetendencytosettle,changethecalculatedasforgetthepainting.Andtheuseofsimilartechnicalindicatorsofconstructionprojectsforscientificanalysis,comparison,optimizethedesign,reduceprojectcost.31.4TheuseofcontractmeasurestoeffectivelycontrolthecostInviewofthecurrentlackofeconomicconceptofdesign,designchangesinthearbitraryphenomenon,Ibelievethatthedesigncontractshouldbeontheeconomictermsofthedesignchangesandchangesinthecostoftherestrictions,suchasdesignchangesinthecostofconstructioncostsbeyondacertainproportion(suchas5%),Thedeductionofacertainpercentageofthedesignfee(designwarranty).Totakeacertaindegreeofbindingisthedesignspecifications,designstandards,engineeringandbudgetestimatesandotheraspectsofacontrol.Onlyinthedesignstagetodoagoodjobintheprojectconstructioncostcontrol,inordertobuildtheprojectforthefutureconstructionofthecostcontroltolaythefoundationtoensurethatthe