水塔智能水位控制系统设计

I水塔智能水位控制系统设计摘要水塔水位的控制系统是我国供水系统较为常用的，水塔供水的主要问题是塔内水位应该始终保持在一定的范围内，避免“空塔”、“溢塔”现象发生。传统的控制方式存在控制精度低、能耗大的缺点，而智能控制系统的成本低，安装方便，灵敏性好，是节约水源，方便生活的水塔水位控制的理想装置。本设计介绍的是一种由AT89C51单片机为主控元件的电压传感器的水塔水位测量系统。压力传感器一般由弹性敏感元件和位移敏感元件组成。弹性敏感元件的作用是使被测压力作用于某个面积上并转换为位移或应变，然后由位移敏感元件或应变计转换为与压力成一定关系的电信号。测量时首先由安装在塔底的压力传感器感应被测水位高度并将其转换成电信号，经过信号调理电路进行滤波、放大，输出相应的直流电压信号，然后输入到串行的A/D转换器中进行模-数转换，模-数转换以后得到的数字信号直接送入单片机，经过单片机分析处理后根据相应的结果通过继电器对水泵电机进行控制，从而进行对水位的控制，于此同时将测量结果显示出来。关键词:单片机;压力传感器;水位控制IIWatertower’sintelligentwaterlevelcontrolsystemdesignAbstractWatertower’swaterlevelcontrolsystemisrelativelycommonlyusedintheChinesewatersupplysystem;themainproblemofthewatertower’swatersupplyisthewaterlevelinthewatertowershouldalwaysremainwithinacertainrange,toavoidthe“emptytower”,“overflow”towerphenomenon.Traditionalcontrolmodeexisttheshortcomingofcontrolprecisionlow,energyconsumptionbig,andthecostofintelligentcontrolsystemislow,easyinstallation,andgoodsensitivity,itistheidealdevicetosavewater,tofacilitatethelifeofthewatertower’swaterlevelcontrol.ThisdesignintroducesisAT89C51microcontrollerasamastercomponentofthevoltagesensorofthewatertower’swaterlevelmeasurementsystem.Thepressuresensorisgenerallycomposedbytheelasticsensingelementanddisplacementsensitivecomponents.Theroleoftheelasticsensingelementistomaketestedpressureinacertainareaandconvertedtodisplacementorstrain,thenthedisplacementsensitivecomponentsorstraingaugeisconvertedtoacertainrelationshipwiththepressureoftheelectricalsignals.Firstthepressuresensorinstalledinthebottomofthesensormeasuredtheheightofwaterlevelmeasurementsandconvertedintoelectricalsignals,afterthesignalconditioningcircuitfiltering，amplification,outputDCvoltagesignal,theentertheserialA/Dconverterforanalog-digitalconversion,afteranalog-digitalconversion,thedigitalsignaldirectlyintothemicrocontroller,aftermicroprocessoranalysisprocessingaccordingtotheresultsthrougharelaytocontrolthepumpmotor,thuscontrolofwaterlevel,attheIIIsametimethemeasurementresultsaredisplayed.Keywords:SCM;pressuresensor;waterlevelcontrolIV目录摘要.................................................................IAbstract..............................................................II第1章绪论............................................................11.1水塔水位的产生背景..............................................11.2水塔水位的研究现状..............................................11.3单片机的发展趋势及应用..........................................31.4设计中水泵的工作方式............................................31.5本次设计的内容..................................................4第2章方案论证........................................................52.1采样模块.......................................................62.1.1继电器开关式..............................................62.1.2压力传感器................................................72.2模数转换.......................................................72.2.1AD转换器的分类...........................................72.2.2串并行AD转换器的选取.....................................72.2.3AD转换器芯片型号的选取...................................82.3控制模块.......................................................82.3.1继电器的介绍..............................................82.3显示模块......................................................102.3.1LED显示器...............................................102.3.2LCD显示器...............................................10V第3章硬件方案设计...................................................123.1单片机AT89C51.................................................123.1.1主要特性.................................................133.1.2管脚说明.................................................143.2压力传感器....................................................183.2.1技术参数.................................................183.2.2特点.....................................................193.2.3工作原理与电路图.........................................203.3A/D转换器TLC0834.............................................203.3.1TLC0834主要特点.........................................203.3.2工作特点.................................................213.3.3引脚功能.................................................223.4LCD显示器.....................................................233.4.11602显示器主要技术参数..................................243.4.21602LCD特性.............................................243.4.3引脚功能.................................................243.5继电器输出....................................................253.6报警..........................................................263.7电子狗及复位..................................................273.7.1X25045引脚图............................................273.7.2复位电路.................................................283.7.3单片机与电子狗、复位电路图...............................28VI3.8稳压电源.......................................................293.8.1稳压电源工作原理.........................................293.8.2LM7805...................................................303.9时钟电路.......................................................31第4章软件方案设计...................................................334.1水塔水位控制主程序............................................334.2中断报警程序