高考语法填空考点总结

1语法填空考点分析提示词形式动词谓语动词时态（八大时态）语态（主动语态&被动语态）非谓语动词现在分词过去分词不定式形容词与副词的比较级或最高级词性转换（名词&动词&形容词&副词）词义转换（派生词）纯空格形式冠词（a/an/the）介词(in,on,at,behind,for,with,from...)代词人称代词（主格&宾格）物主代词（形容词性物主代词&名词性物主代词）反身代词指示代词（this，that，these,those）不定代词（some,other,another,both,...）疑问代词连词从属连词名词性从句定语从句状语从句并列连词（but,however,so,and,...）固定短语或句型有提示词的解题技巧一：谓语动词：若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；若是谓语动词，就要考虑时态和语态。1.Hisfearoffailure_______(keep)himfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildrenplayedexcitedly.kept2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.closed3.Threepeople____(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic..weretaken4.Shetoldhimthatshe________(bring)himthewaterintenminutes.wouldbring二、非谓语动词若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用现在分词、过去分词，还是不定式。非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。技巧一：作主语或宾语，通常用现在分词形式表示习惯或一般情况，用不定式表示具体的情况。21.Butitisnotenoughonly_______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.解析：因it是形式主语，后面用不定式作真正的主语，故填tomemorize。2._____________(speak)outyourfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed.解析：句中已有谓语won’tmake，所以speak应为非谓语动词；谓语前面应为主语，作主语，表示一般情况，要用动名词短语，故填Speaking。技巧二：作目的状语或者在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。1.______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.解析：因句中已有谓语willhavetowork，所以complete应为非谓语动词；因“(为了)按计划完成这项工程”是“我们每天不得不额外多工作两小时”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填Tocomplete。2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_______(succeed).解析：因在形容词likely后作状语，要用动词不定式，故填tosucceed。技巧三：作伴随状语，常用分词，与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词，与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去分词。这样的题一般要特别注意空格前的逗号。1.Hesawthestone,____________(say)tohimself:“Thenightwillbeverydark.”解析：句中已有谓语saw，所给动词与saw不是并列关系，应当是非谓语动词；又因He与say是主动关系，故填saying作伴随状语。2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,______________(follow)bytheforeignguests.解析：句中已有谓语went，而follow又不是与之并列的，故为非谓语动词；又因theheadmaster与follow是被动关系，故用过去分词作伴随状语。3.Therewillbeameeting,___________(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.解析：因ameeting与start是主动关系，用现在分词短语作定语，补充说明ameeting，故填starting。4.Lessons_______________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.解析：因句中已有谓语canhelp，所以learn应为非谓语动词；又因lesson与learn是被动关系，要用过去分词短语作定语，故填learned。特别提醒有时给出的动词可能既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，而是要求词类转换。如：ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather__________(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.解析：括号中所给词choose虽然是动词，但在句中作主语，且在形容词性物主代词后，应当填choose的名词形式choice。谓语动词与非谓语动词的比较练习：1.Heenteredtheroom，__________(hold)abookinhishand.holdingHeenteredtheroomand_________(hold)abookinhishand.held2.Ipolitelyrefusedherinvitationand___________(walk)away.walkedIpolitelyrefusedherinvitation，___________(walk)away.walking3.Aboy__________(call)Jackcameheretoday.called3Aboywho_____________(call)Jackcameheretoday.wascalled4.Weenjoythemovie___________(direct)byafamousartist.directedWeenjoythemoviewhich_______________(direct)byafamousartist.wasdirected5.WhenI_________(hear)thenews，Iwasexcited.heardWhen____________(hear)thenews，Iwasexcited.hearing6.UnlessI____________(invite)，Iwon,tattendtheparty.wasinvitedUnless____________(invite)，Iwon’tattendtheparty.invited三．给出的提示词是形容词或副词当括号中所给的词是形容词或副词，且根据句义空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词，则可能填该词的比较级或最高级。1.Heisoneofthe_________(great)manthatIhaveeverknown.greatest2.____________(luck)thanotherstudentsinherclass,shewasadmittedtoBeijingUniversity.Luckier3.Whenheseesotherstudents__________(good)thanhim,heusuallythinkthattheyhavehigherIQ.better4.Atfirstwewantedtoflybecauseitwouldbe_________(fast)andwouldsaveusmoretime.faster5.The___________(big)andmostpowerfulanimalintheforestwasthebear.biggest6.The___________(young)angelwasveryangryandblametheolderangel.younger解题技巧：1.若两者之间比较，或者有than，就用比较级2.不出现than,即省略了“than+比较对象”这种隐含式比较级，要注意语境理解3.注意“less/least+原级”这样的降级比较4.若是多者之间比较，或者有in、of等介词短语表示比较范围，要用最高级5.比较级前可用abit、alittle表示稍稍，一点；用much、alot表示“……得多”、even表示“更加”6.as…as…之间用原级7.最高级前要有the(1)Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould.Hejumpedeven_________(hard)andnearlymadehimselfout.harder(2)The______________(strong)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.stronger(3)Ofthetwocoats,I’dchoosethe_____________(cheap)onetosparesomemoneyforabook.cheaper(4)Youaredrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabit_______________(slow)?slower(5)Thiswashingmachineisenvironmentallyfriendlybecauseituses__________(little)waterandelectricitythanoldermodels.less(6)ThemelontheSmithsservedatdinnerwouldhavetasted______________(good)ifithadbeenputinthefridgeforalittlewhile.better三、词性转换根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。①作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词。如：4Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.解析：因在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，故填silent。Ina________(danger)partofthesea,theylosttheirway.解析：在冠词与名词之间，要用形容词，作定语，故填dangerous。Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject.解析：因所填词在句中作宾语mostoftheirstudents的补足语，用形容词；表示“感兴趣”，填interested。②作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词。WhenChina’sancientscientificandtechnological________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.解析：在时间状语从句中，要求填的词作主语，China’sancientscientificandtechnological是主语的定语；作主语要用名词，又由are可知，主语是复数，故填achievements。Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.解析：在句中作及物动词havemade的宾语，要用名词形式；表示作贡献，其前面没