光电信息专业英语单词句子中英翻译

词汇RayOptics射线光学Refraction折射Reflection反射IndexofRefraction折射率Opticalspectrum光谱Dispersion色散lens透镜TotalInternalReflection全内反射Prisms棱镜rightisoscelestriangles正等腰三角形Sphericalrefractingsurface球面折射面signconvention符号法则paraxialapproximation近轴近似aberration像差chromaticaberration色差collimated平行的；使平行criticalangle临界角defect缺点，缺陷incident入射的inclination倾斜角；偏向magnitude数量级virtualimage虚像Diffraction衍射Interference干涉aperture孔径complexexponentialfunction复指数函数complexconjugate复共轭monochromatic单色的opticalpathdifference光程差polarization偏振resonator谐振器resolution分辨率Holography全息术wavelength波长microscope显微镜beamsplitter分束器Rainbowholography彩虹全息术Volumeholograms体全息图Computer-generatedholography计算机全息术SpatialFiltering空间滤波gratings光栅harmonicsinterferogram谐波干涉图pupilfunction光瞳函数principalmaxima主极大值ModeLocking波模锁定；振荡型同步Transversemodes横向模式Laserrangefinder激光测距仪navigation导航Photodetector光电检测器photomultiplier光电倍增管Photon光子OpticalFiberCommunication光纤通信fiber纤维OpticalLoss光学损失Group集体velocity速度nonlinearity非线性anomalous-dispersion反常色散StimulatedRamanScattering受激拉曼散射Self-PhaseModulation相位调制效应Cross-PhaseModulation交叉相位调制bandwidth带宽opticalswitches光开关Photodetectors光电探测器crystal晶体Birefringence双折射electron电子Mechanicalandthermalstrength机械和热强度surface表面Bandgap能带carrierconcentration载体浓度discharge放电photovoltaic光伏OpticalThinFilmTechnology光学薄膜技术Photolithography光刻,biophotonics生物光子学,3DDisplayTechnology3d显示技术,InfraredDetectionTechnology红外探测技术exposure曝光irradiation辐照nanoparticle纳米颗粒句子Wetreatlightbeamsasraysthatpropagatealongstraightlines,exceptatinterfacesbetweendissimilarmaterials,wheretheraysmaybebentorrefracted.Thisapproach,whichhadbeenassumedtobecompletelyaccuratebeforethediscoveryofthewavenatureoflight,leadstoagreatmanyusefulresultsregardinglensopticsandopticalinstruments.我们将光束处理为沿着直线传播的光线，除了在不同材料之间的界面处，其中光线可以被弯曲或折射。这种方法被认为在发现光的波特性之前是完全准确的，导致产生许多关于透镜光学和光学仪器的有用结果。Whenalightraystrikesasmoothinterfacebetweentwotransparentmediaatanangle,itisrefracted.当光线以一个角度撞击在两个透明介质之间的平滑界面时，其为折射。Therefractiveindexofagivenmaterialisnotindependentofwavelength,butgenerallyincreasesslightlywithdecreasingwavelength.给定材料的折射率并非与波长无关，但通常随着波长减小而略微增加。Awordofwarningwithregardtothesignsinalgebraicexpression:Becauseofthesignconventionadoptedhere,derivationsbasedsolelyongeometrywillnotnecessarilyresultinthecorrectsignforagiventerm.Therearetwowaystocorrectthisdefect.Thefirst,tocarryaminussignbeforethesymbolofeachnegativequantity,istoocumbersomeandconfusingforgeneraluse.Thus,weadoptthesecond,whichistogothroughthefinalformulaandchangethesignofeachnegativequantity.Thisprocedurehasalreadybeenadoptedinconnectionwiththe“len”equationandisnecessary,asnoted,tomaketheformulaalgebraicallycorrect.Itisimportant,though,nottochangethesignsuntilthefinalstep,lestsomesignsbealteredtwice.关于代数表达式中的符号的警告词：由于这里采用的符号法则，仅基于几何的导出不一定导致给定术语的正确符号。有两种方法来纠正此缺陷。第一，在每个负数量的符号之前携带减号，对于一般使用来说太麻烦和混乱。因此，我们采用第二个，即通过最后的公式，并改变每个负数量的符号。这个程序已经结合“len”方程被采用，并且如上所述是必要的，以使公式在代数上是正确的。然而，重要的是，不要改变迹象，直到最后一步，以免一些迹象改变两次。Whenconditionsaresuchthatthelightisincoherent,itisnotpossibletodetectinterferenceeffects.Adiscussionofwaveopticsisincompletewithoutconsideringtheconditionsthatmustexistforaninterferenceexperimenttobeperformedsuccessfully.当条件使得光不相干时，不可能检测干涉效应。波光学的讨论是不完整的，没有考虑必须存在的条件，以便干扰实验成功地执行。Lightisatransverse,electromagneticwavecharacterizedbytime-varyingelectricandmagneticfields.Thefieldspropagatehandinhand;itisusuallysufficienttoconsidereitheroneandignoretheother.Itisconventionaltoretaintheelectricfield,largelybecauseitsinteractionwithmatterisinmostcasesfarstrongerthanthatofthemagneticfield.光是以时变的电场和磁场为特征的横向电磁波。在领域里携手共进;通常足以考虑一个而忽略另一个。通常保持电场，主要是因为其与物质的相互作用在大多数情况下远远强于磁场的相互作用。Atransversewave,likethewaveonapluckedstring,vibratesatrightanglestothedirectionofpropagation.Suchawavemustbedescribedwithvectornotation,becauseitsvibrationhasaspecificdirectionassociatedwithit.Forexample,thewavemayvibratehorizontally,vertically,orinanyotherdirection;oritmayvibrateinacomplicatedcombinationofhorizontalandverticaloscillations.Sucheffectsarecalledpolarizationeffects.Awavethatvibratesinasingleplane(horizontal,forexample)issaidtobeplanepolarized.横波，类似于拾取弦上的波，以与传播方向成直角振动。这样的波必须用矢量符号来描述，因为它的振动具有与其相关联的特定方向。例如，波可以水平地，垂直地或在任何其它方向上振动;或者其可以以水平和垂直振荡的复杂组合振动。这种效应称为偏振效应。在单个平面（例如水平）中振动的波被称为平面偏振。Spectralfiltersaredevicesusedtomodifythe(spectral)transmittanceofanopticalsystem.Theymaybemadeofahomogeneousmaterialwithappropriatespectralabsorptioncharacteristics,oruseotheropticalphenomenon,suchasmultiple-beaminterferenceoropticalanisotropy,toeffectthemodification.光谱滤光器是用于修改光学系统的（光谱）透射率的装置。它们可以由具有适当光谱吸收特性的均匀材料制成，或者使用其它光学现象，例如多光束干涉或光学各向异性，以实现修改。Thefifthgenerationoflightwavesystemsemployserbium-dopedfiberamplifiersforamplifyingthetransmittedopticalsignalperiodicallytocompensateforfiberloss.第五代光波系统采用掺铒光纤放大器来周期性地放大传输的光信号，以补偿光纤损耗。Asopticalmedia,crystalsaremuchlesspopularthanglassesfortheobviousreasonthattheyarefarmoredifficulttomanufactureinlargesize.Theiruseisinvariablymotivatedbytheneedforcharacteristicsnotreadilyobtainableinglass.Amongthesecharacteristicsarethefollowing:(1)Spectraltransmittancecharacteristicsextendin